International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP)
International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) e- ISSN : 2808-845X is a communication media and scientific publication in the health and pharmaceutical fields published by Inara Publisher. International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) contains articles from research focusing on Public health, Pharmaceutical Science and All Science. International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) is published periodically four times a year (February, May, August and November).
Benign Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Lesions: A Histopathological Review and Their Relationship to HPV Infection
Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the causes of benign lesions in the oral cavity and oropharynx. The most common lesions include squamous cell papilloma, condyloma acuminatum, verruca vulgaris, and multifocal epithelial hyperplasia (MFEH). Although benign, these four lesions have overlapping clinical and histopathological characteristics, often making diagnosis difficult. The purpose of this literature review is to review the clinical characteristics, histopathology, differential diagnosis, management, and prognosis of benign lesions of the oral cavity and oropharynx associated with HPV infection. Methods: This article was compiled using a narrative literature review method. The literature search was conducted through PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using keywords related to HPV and benign lesions of the oral cavity. Literature published in Indonesian and English between 2017 and 2025 was selected based on relevance to the anatomy, histology, epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, macroscopic and microscopic features, differential diagnosis, management, and prognosis of benign lesions of the oral cavity and oropharynx associated with HPV. Results: Benign lesions of the oral cavity and oropharynx associated with HPV consist of squamous cell papilloma, condyloma acuminatum, verruca vulgaris, and MFEH. Most lesions are associated with low-risk HPV infection, especially types 6 and 11, with a predilection for the labial mucosa, tongue, buccal mucosa, and palate. The clinical presentation of lesions associated with HPV is generally an exophytic growth with a papillary or verrucous surface. Histopathologically, all lesions showed squamous epithelial proliferation accompanied by koilocytes as a marker of HPV cytopathic effects, while mitosoid bodies are a characteristic feature and are more frequently found in MFEH. Diagnosis is established through correlation between history taking, clinical examination, and histopathological evaluation to differentiate benign lesions from potentially malignant lesions. Simple excision is the mainstay of therapy with a generally good prognosis, although condyloma acuminatum has a tendency to recur. Conclusion: Diagnosis of benign lesions of the oral cavity and oropharynx associated with HPV requires integration of clinical characteristics, histopathology, and, if necessary, molecular examination. Understanding the differences in the characteristics of each lesion is important to improve diagnostic accuracy, determine appropriate management, and prevent misdiagnosis of malignant lesions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afiati, Khoirul Anam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Characteristics of Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Descriptive Study
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major non-communicable disease with a high health burden both globally and nationally. This study aims to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of CKD patients hospitalized at the Universitas Kristen Indonesia General Hospital in 2023. This research employed a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 82 patients were selected through total sampling from medical records. The collected data included age, sex, occupation, highest educational level, place of residence, and history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus as the main comorbidities. The results showed that the 55–65-year age group was the most prevalent (35.6%). Female patients dominated the sample (55.9%). Based on occupation, most patients were housewives (35.4%). The highest level of education recorded was senior high school (54.9%). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (43.9%) and diabetes mellitus (13.4%). These findings indicate that older age, female sex, non-formal occupations, senior high school education level, and the presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus are frequently observed characteristics among CKD patients at RSU UKI in the 2023 period. The results are expected to serve as a baseline for developing prevention and clinical management strategies for CKD and to raise public awareness regarding the importance of regular kidney function screening.
Copyright (c) 2026 Christian Ronald Tanggo, Nikita Agustina Losoh, Ani Oranda Panjaitan, Kezia Martina, Daniel Reinaldo Parsaoran Situmorang https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comparative Analysis of Pediatric Deep Neck Infection Management: A Systematic Review Comparing Conventional Medical Treatment and Surgical Intervention
Background : Pediatric deep neck infections (DNI), including abscesses, constitute a serious clinical challenge due to their rapid progression and the risk of severe complications such as airway obstruction and sepsis. These infections are generally bacterial in origin and often arise from common ailments like tonsillitis or pharyngitis, spreading deeper into the neck area. The management of DNI involves two main approaches: medical therapy using antibiotics or surgical intervention to drain abscesses. However, selecting the most effective approach, whether medical or surgical, requires careful consideration, particularly concerning the patient’s age, infection severity, and potential side effects. This study aims to provide a comparative analysis of both methods to assist clinicians in choosing the best approach for managing DNIs in children, thereby minimizing risks and achieving optimal recovery. Methods : This research used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with guidance from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). PRISMA stages included the identification of relevant articles through databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using keywords "medical management" and "surgical management" for pediatric deep neck abscesses. Inclusion criteria encompassed English-language journals published between 2015 and 2022, focusing on studies that compared the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy and surgical interventions in pediatric deep neck abscesses. Identified articles were screened to eliminate duplicates and ensure compliance with inclusion criteria. The qualifying articles were then thoroughly evaluated, and relevant data were extracted, including study design, sample size, main outcomes, as well as complications and recovery rates associated with both methods. This approach was intended to provide an objective and comprehensive understanding of the efficacy of medical and surgical therapies in pediatric deep neck abscess cases. Results : The study revealed that the medical approach using antibiotics is effective for mild to moderate pediatric deep neck infections (DNI), particularly in small, uncomplicated abscesses. However, for larger abscesses or those with significant complications, surgical intervention yields better outcomes in controlling the infection and expediting recovery. Additionally, the use of dexamethasone in the medical approach can reduce the need for surgical intervention in some cases. A combination of antibiotic therapy and stringent monitoring proves appropriate for moderate cases, whereas early surgery is more advisable for cases exhibiting clinical instability or widespread infection. Conclusion: The management of pediatric deep neck infections should be individualized according to infection severity and clinical presentation. Medical treatment with intravenous antibiotics is effective for mild to moderate cases, particularly in small and uncomplicated abscesses, while surgical intervention is recommended for larger abscesses, clinical instability, or extensive infection. The adjunctive use of dexamethasone may reduce the need for surgery in selected patients. Therefore, an appropriate treatment strategy combining medical therapy, close monitoring, and timely surgical intervention can optimize clinical outcomes and minimize complications in pediatric DNI.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khoirul Anam, Andre Niljon, Faishal Arief, Luthfi Ariwibiwo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Descriptive Spatial Analysis of the Distribution of Green Open Spaces (RTH) and Fast Food Stalls on the Prevalence of Hypertension Cases in Surabaya City in 2024
The massive urbanization transformation in Surabaya City has triggered the commercial expansion of fast food outlets, creating an obesogenic environment, while simultaneously threatening the existence of public Green Open Spaces (GOS) which are essential for cardiovascular health, including hypertension. This study aims to descriptively analyze the spatial correlation between the distribution of GOS and the accessibility of fast food outlets on the prevalence of hypertension cases in Surabaya City in 2024. This study uses a descriptive spatial analysis method at the sub-district analysis unit in Surabaya City. Secondary data on GOS area, Health Profile, and fast food outlet coordinates from OpenStreetMap were analyzed using overlay techniques and chloropath mapping through QGIS 3.34.3 software. The results of the analysis show significant spatial disparities. Sukolilo and Rungkut Districts have high exposure to fast food outlets, but their hypertension cases are controlled because they are balanced by the largest GOS area. In contrast, high hypertension hotspot areas (12–26%) were identified in Semampir, Pabean Cantian, and Karang Pilang Districts, which have very critical GOS availability (0–5,542 m²). There is an imbalance in the distribution of Green Open Space (RTH) and fast food restaurant clusters that indirectly correlates with the disparity in the prevalence of hypertension cases between sub-districts in Surabaya City in 2024.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gifta Azzahra Aulindra Subekti, Bustamin, Diah Vitaloka Hartati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Immunohistochemical Expression Profile of P16 In Cervical Carcinoma Patients At Siloam Mrccc Cancer Hospital In 2022
Cervical carcinoma is a rapidly growing health issue, with global cases reaching 662,301 and causing 348,874 deaths in 2022. Almost all cervical carcinoma cases are associated with persistent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor (p16) serves as a reliable surrogate biomarker for HPV-associated cervical carcinoma. This descriptive observational study analyzes the dataset from the academic file "Ani Oranda Panjaitan_Fajar Lamhot Gultom.docx", which examines the immunohistochemical expression profile of the p16 protein in cervical carcinoma patients at Siloam MRCCC Cancer Hospital in 2022. Out of 42 archived cases, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the dominant subtype with 34 cases (81%), followed by adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma with four cases (9.5%) each. From the 32 patients who met the strict inclusion criteria for immunohistochemical staining, 30 patients (93.75%) demonstrated positive p16 expression, confirming a high prevalence of HPV-associated cervical carcinoma. Conversely, two patients (one SCC and one adenocarcinoma) showed negative p16 results. These findings indicate that over 93% of cervical carcinoma cases at this facility are directly associated with HPV, with SCC remaining the predominant subtype. Further research is needed to expand the sample size and integrate PCR HPV genotyping to monitor viral presence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ani Oranda Panjaitan, Fajar Lamhot Gultom, Clariza Ovelyn Iona Rombe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Manual Material Handling Risk Assessment Using the Leitmerkmal Method on Porters at the Gorontalo Logistics Agency Warehouse
Manual material handling (MMH) activities in the warehousing sector still have the potential to cause ergonomic risks due to heavy lifting, high work frequency, and less ergonomic work postures. This study aims to analyze the level of MMH risk in porters at the Perum BULOG Gorontalo Warehouse using the Leitmerkmal Method (LMM). The study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive design. The study population consisted of 23 porters and all were sampled using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and LMM checklists, then analyzed univariately based on the assessment of work time indicators, load mass, body posture, work conditions, and the final LMM score. The results showed that all respondents had a load rating >40 kg, most had a time rating of 1 to <4 km per day, work postures were dominated by slightly bent, work conditions were classified as ergonomic, and all respondents were in the very high risk category. The conclusion of the study shows that the risk of MMH in warehouse porters at Perum BULOG Gorontalo is at a very high level which is mainly influenced by lifting loads, working time, and body posture, so that the implementation of ergonomic control is needed to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Deafni Hadju, Herlina Jusuf, Moh Rivai Nakoe https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Relationship between Environmental and Behavioral Factors and the Incidence of Diarrhea in Toddlers in the Work Area of the Waru Community Health Center, Sidoarjo Regency
Diarrhea is a public health problem that significantly contributes to morbidity, particularly in vulnerable age groups such as under-five children. Various efforts to treat diarrhea have been implemented through primary health care, but the incidence of diarrhea in under-five children remains quite high, including in the Waru Community Health Center in Sidoarjo, which experienced an increase in diarrhea cases in 2023-2025. The incidence of diarrhea in under-five children is influenced by various interrelated factors, particularly environmental and behavioral factors, which, according to Hendrik L. Blum's theory of health determinants, play a role in influencing health status. This study aims to analyze the relationship between environmental and behavioral factors and the incidence of diarrhea in under-five children in the Waru Community Health Center in Sidoarjo. This study was a quantitative, observational, and analytical study using a cross-sectional approach. It was conducted among 89 mothers of under-five children who visited the Waru Community Health Center in Sidoarjo from January to March 2026. Data were collected through interviews using questionnaires and direct observation of the environmental sanitation conditions of the respondents' homes. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics with the chi-square test. The results showed that among environmental factors, the condition of healthy latrine could not be statistically tested (constant), while clean water sources (p = 0.080), household waste management (p = 1,000), and wastewater drainage systems/SPAL (p = 1,000) were analyzed. Meanwhile, behavioral factors included the use of healthy latrines (p = 0.018), handwashing with soap (p = 0.348), drinking water treatment (p = 0.478), and exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.048). This study concluded that the use of healthy latrine and exclusive breastfeeding were factors associated with the incidence of diarrhea among under-five children in the Waru Community Health Center in Sidoarjo. The Community Health Center is recommended to conduct regular monitoring and mapping of at-risk areas as a basis for determining priority diarrhea prevention interventions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Achmad Sholeh Farhat, Mochammad Bagus Qomaruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Successful Multimodality Management of Advanced Acinic Cell Carcinoma of The Parotid Gland: A Case Report
Background Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant salivary gland tumor that predominantly arises in the parotid gland. Although generally considered a low-grade malignancy, locally advanced or recurrent disease presents significant therapeutic challenges because of its infiltrative behavior and the absence of standardized treatment strategies. Case Presentation: A 56-year-old man presented with a recurrent painful left submandibular mass three years after previous surgical excision. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large left parotid tumor with mandibular erosion. The patient underwent neoadjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), followed by wide tumor excision, radical neck dissection, and immediate deltopectoral flap reconstruction. Histopathological examination confirmed acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland with a pathological stage of ypT4aN0M0 (Stage IVA). The postoperative course was uneventful, with satisfactory wound healing and viable flap reconstruction. A second-stage flap division was successfully performed without complications. Conclusion: This case demonstrates that multimodality management incorporating neoadjuvant TACE, radical surgical resection, and reconstructive surgery can provide favorable short-term oncologic and functional outcomes in selected patients with advanced recurrent acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. Multidisciplinary collaboration remains essential for individualized treatment planning in this rare malignancy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Christian O. Manginstar, Reinaldo Putra Hardian https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Amyand's Hernia in Children: Intraoperative Finding, A Rare Case Report From dr. Azhar Zahir Naval Hospital, Manokwari, West Papua
Amyand’s hernia is a rare type of inguinal hernia in which the vermiform appendix is found within the hernia sac. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging because its clinical presentation often resembles an incarcerated inguinal hernia, making intraoperative diagnosis common. A 1-year-old boy presented with an irreducible right inguinal swelling that had been present since infancy and became non-reducible one week before admission. Physical examination revealed an irreducible right inguinal mass, while laboratory findings were unremarkable. No preoperative imaging was performed, and the patient underwent emergency herniotomy. Intraoperative exploration revealed the cecum and an edematous, hyperemic vermiform appendix within the hernia sac, consistent with Amyand’s hernia complicated by acute appendicitis. Appendectomy followed by primary hernia repair without mesh was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the third postoperative day without complications. Amyand’s hernia remains a rare and difficult preoperative diagnosis in pediatric patients. Intraoperative recognition is essential for appropriate surgical management. This case supports the use of appendectomy and primary hernia repair without mesh for Type 2 Amyand’s hernia, resulting in an excellent postoperative outcome.
Copyright (c) 2026 Trisha Fabiola Novena, Oswaldus Sixtus Nahak, Ridho Sinaga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Use of Thoracic Trauma Severity Score (TTSS) Components and Systems in Predicting Mortality in Thoracic Trauma
Thoracic trauma contributes significantly to global mortality, necessitating early risk stratification to guide management. The Thoracic Trauma Severity Score (TTSS) integrates anatomical and physiological parameters to predict outcomes, but validation data from Southeast Asian populations remain limited. This retrospective cohort study included 77 thoracic trauma patients admitted to Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou General Hospital, Manado, between 2021–2023. TTSS was calculated based on age, PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, rib fracture count, pulmonary contusion, and pleural involvement. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Statistical analyses included bivariate comparisons, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Overall mortality was 29.9%. Non-survivors had significantly higher TTSS values than survivors (median 5 vs. 2.5, p < 0.001). Patients requiring ICU admission also demonstrated higher TTSS (median 6 vs. 3, p = 0.002). Pulmonary contusion (p = 0.021), PaO₂/FiO₂ ≤400 (p = 0.018), and age >30 years (p = 0.011) were significantly associated with mortality. ROC analysis showed good discriminatory ability for mortality (AUC ≈ 0.80, sensitivity 91%, specificity 50%). TTSS is a practical and effective tool for early mortality risk stratification in thoracic trauma patients, with good predictive performance. Its application in resource-limited settings may facilitate timely triage and escalation of care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Reynaldy C. Moksidy, Adrian Tangkilisan, Wega Sukanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effectiveness of Health Education Through Booklet and PowerPoint Media on Adolescents' Knowledge of the Impacts of Free Sex
Background: Unprotected sex among adolescents remains a public health problem because it increases the risk of unintended consequences (KTD), sexually transmitted infections, and various psychosocial impacts. The low level of adolescent knowledge regarding the impact of unprotected sex is one of the factors that drives the need for health education. Appropriate educational media is expected to be able to increase adolescent knowledge more optimally. Method: This study used a quantitative method with a pretest-posttest control group design. Three of the four eleventh grade classes were assigned to the booklet intervention group, PPT, and the control group. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and post-hoc Mann-Whitney tests with a significance level of 5%. Results: Adolescent knowledge increased significantly in the booklet group (Z = -4.884; p = 0.000) and the PPT group (Z = -2.927; p = 0.003), while the control group did not show any significant changes (Z = -1.764; p = 0.078). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in knowledge increase between the three groups (H = 41.078; p = 0.000), with a mean rank of 73.82 for the booklet group, 44.14 for the PPT group, and 29.95 for the control group. Conclusion: Health education through booklets and PowerPoint media is effective in increasing adolescents' knowledge about the impact of casual sex. Booklets are proven to be more effective than PowerPoint media, so they are recommended as reproductive health education media for adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salsa Fadhila Zahra, Susilo Budi Pratama, Hema Dewi Anggraeni, Nina Anggraeni Noviasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Correlation Between Physical Activity And Fasting Blood Glucose Levels Among Employees of Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati: A Cross-Sectional Study
Elevated blood glucose is an early manifestation of metabolic imbalance that predisposes individuals to the development of diabetes mellitus. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reported in 2023 that diabetes affects around 537 million individuals globally, equivalent to nearly one in every ten adults. Engaging in physical activity contributes to improved insulin responsiveness and supports the reduction of circulating glucose concentrations. Considering the variability of physical activity among employees, it is necessary to investigate its relationship with fasting blood glucose levels. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical activity and fasting blood glucose among staff members at Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati Cirebon. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design involving 69 respondents selected with a non-probability quota sampling method. Physical activity was measured through the Global Physical Activity Quistionnaire (GPAQ) and fasting blood glucose were assessed using an EasyTouch glucometer. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to assess normality and the results indicated that the data were not normally distributed; therefore, the data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test. Finding revealed that the median physical activity was 3600 METs, indicating high activity and median fasting blood glucose level was 104 mg/dL as prediabetes. Further analysis demonstrated a significant inverse relationship (p=0.003, r=-0.352) with weak correlation strength. Overall, the findings emphazise a significant correlation between physical activity and fasting blood glucose, where individuals with higher activity levels corresponding to decreased fasting glucose levels
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Nida Nafisah Solih, Kati Sriwiyati, Irene Gunawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect of Square Stepping Exercise On Daily Living Activity, Balance And Risk of Falls In The Elderly
Elderly people often experience decreased independence in daily activities, balance and risk of fall. Management of this problems can be done with non-pharmacological therapy. One of the non-pharmacological therapy that can be applied to the elderly was square stepping exercise. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of square stepping exercise on daily activities, balance and risk of fall in the elderly. .The design of this study used quasy experiments with pre and post control groups with a large sample of 20 respondents in each group. The sampling technique used is consecutive sampling with independent variables, namely square stepping exercise, Dependent variable in this study were daily activities, balance and risk of fall. The research instruments used are barthel index, balance test and time up and go test. The research was carried out at the Budi Sejahtera Banjarbaru Elderly Social Protection and Rehabilitation Institution (PPRSLU). The statistical test used in this study was wilcoxon signed test. The test results found that There was an effect of square stepping exercise on the daily activity of the elderly in the intervention group, but there was no effect in the control group. There was no effect of square stepping exercise on the balance of the elderly in the intervention and control groups. there was no effect in the control group. There was no effect of square stepping exercise on the risk of fall of the elderly in the intervention and control groups In elderly, nurses need to help the elderly so that the problem was resolved and able to fight disability. Square stepping exercised can be applied for the daily activity, balance and risk of fall.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diana Pefbrianti, M. Noor Ifansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Relationship Between Internal Locus of Control And Cyberloafing Behavior Among Students At Universitas Negeri Padang
This study aims to examine the relationship between internal locus of control and cyberloafing behavior among students at Universitas Negeri Padang. A quantitative approach with a correlational research design was employed, involving 202 respondents selected via quota sampling. Due to non-normal and non-linear data distribution, the Spearman’s rho non-parametric statistical test was used for analysis. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between internal locus of control and cyberloafing behavior, indicating that higher levels of internal locus of control are associated with increased cyberloafing activities. These results imply that students with a strong internal locus of control feel confident in managing their academic outcomes despite consciously engaging in non-academic online activities during lectures.
Copyright (c) 2026 Cleo Safalingga P, Rahmat Alamsyah Harahap, Nawang Sari KN Ningtias, Novelyn Siregar, Andy Hakim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effectiveness of Soy Milk Administration In Reducing Menopausal Symptoms Based On The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) In Mothers In Ciseureh Village Purwakarta Regency In 2026
Menopause is a physiological process in women characterized by the permanent cessation of menstruation due to decreased ovarian function. Hormonal changes that occur during menopause often cause various physical, psychological, and urogenital complaints that can reduce a woman's quality of life. One non-pharmacological approach to reducing menopausal symptoms is the administration of soy milk containing the phytoestrogen isoflavone. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of soy milk in reducing menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The research sample consisted of 33 respondents selected using the random sampling technique.purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Measurement of menopausal complaints was carried out using a questionnaire.Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) before and after soy milk intervention for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test with a significance level of α = 0.05.The results of the study showed that the average score of menopausal complaints before the intervention was 14.52 and after the intervention decreased to 9.52. The results of the statistical analysis usingPaired t-test obtained a p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05), which shows that there is a significant effect of giving soy milk on reducing menopausal complaints in menopausal women. The conclusion of this study is that soy milk is effective in reducing menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. Soy milk can be used as an alternative non-pharmacological therapy to help reduce menopausal symptoms and improve the quality of life of postmenopausal women.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aan Rosanti, Ika Mariska, Bunga Anggita Sagia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comparison of Hypnobreastfeeding with Endorphin Massage on Breast Milk Production in Breastfeeding Mothers in the Koncara Community Health Center Work Area in 2025
Suboptimal breast milk production remains a major obstacle to successful exclusive breastfeeding. One non-pharmacological approach to increasing breast milk production is through relaxation techniques, such as hypnobreastfeeding and endorphin massage, which stimulate the release of prolactin and oxytocin hormones. This study aims to analyze the comparative effectiveness of hypnobreastfeeding and endorphin massage on breast milk production in breastfeeding mothers in the Koncara Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area in 2025. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 68 breastfeeding mothers divided into two intervention groups, each consisting of 34 respondents, with an intervention duration of 14 days. Data analysis showed that both interventions had a significant effect on increasing breast milk production. However, the Mann–Whitney test results showed no significant difference in effectiveness between the hypnobreastfeeding and endorphin massage groups (p=0.702; p>0.05). These findings indicate that both methods have comparable effectiveness in increasing breast milk production. Therefore, hypnobreastfeeding and endorphin massage can be recommended as non-pharmacological interventions that can be integrated into midwifery services, especially in efforts to support the success of exclusive breastfeeding at the Koncara Community Health Center.
Copyright (c) 2026 Armiyanti, Ine Hermina, Widia Natalia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Effleurage Massage On Reducing First-Stage Labor Pain Among Women Giving Birth At Independent Midwifery Practices In Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia
Labor pain is a physiological process experienced by every woman during childbirth. Excessive labor pain may increase maternal anxiety, prolong labor, and negatively affect maternal and fetal well-being. Effleurage massage is a non-pharmacological complementary intervention that has been widely used to reduce labor pain because it is simple, safe, inexpensive, and easy to implement in clinical practice. To determine the effect of effleurage massage on reducing first-stage labor pain among women giving birth at independent midwifery practices in Purwakarta Regency. This quantitative study employed a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The study was conducted at independent midwifery practices in Purwakarta Regency from October 2025 to Januari 2026. Thirty-three women in the active phase of the first stage of labor were recruited using purposive sampling. Labor pain intensity was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the effleurage massage intervention. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test for normality and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test with a significance level of 0.05. Before the intervention, 75.8% of participants experienced severe labor pain, while 24.2% experienced moderate pain. After effleurage massage, pain intensity decreased substantially, with 45.5% reporting mild pain, 51.5% moderate pain, and only 3.0% severe pain. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in labor pain following the intervention (p < 0.001). Effleurage massage significantly reduced first-stage labor pain among women giving birth at independent midwifery practices in Purwakarta Regency. This technique may be incorporated into routine midwifery care as an effective complementary non-pharmacological intervention to improve maternal comfort during labor.
Copyright (c) 2026 Daris Yolanda Sari, Rika Widiyastuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect of Premarital and Preconception Counseling on Prospective Fathers in Preventing Pregnancy Risk Factors at the Munjuljaya Community Health Center, Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia
A healthy pregnancy is influenced not only by maternal preparedness but also by the support and readiness of prospective fathers. Insufficient knowledge among prospective fathers regarding premarital and preconception health may increase the risk of pregnancy complications, maternal anemia, stunting, and inadequate support for maternal health during pregnancy. Therefore, promotive and preventive efforts through premarital and preconception counseling are essential to improve prospective fathers' knowledge and preparedness in preventing pregnancy risk factors.This study aimed to determine the effect of premarital and preconception counseling on prospective fathers in preventing pregnancy risk factors in the working area of the Munjuljaya Community Health Center, Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia.This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest design. The intervention was administered to 30 prospective fathers in the working area of the Munjuljaya Community Health Center. Participants received premarital and preconception counseling focusing on knowledge, attitudes, and health behaviors related to pregnancy risk prevention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test with a significance level of 0.05.The findings showed that, before the counseling intervention, most respondents (60.0%) had poor ability to prevent pregnancy risk factors. After the intervention, 56.7% of respondents achieved a good level of pregnancy risk prevention. Statistical analysis demonstrated that premarital and preconception counseling significantly improved the knowledge, attitudes, health behaviors, and pregnancy risk prevention abilities of prospective fathers (p < 0.05).In conclusion, premarital and preconception counseling is an effective strategy for enhancing prospective fathers' readiness to support healthy pregnancies by improving their knowledge, attitudes, health behaviors, and ability to prevent pregnancy risk factors. Strengthening counseling services at primary healthcare facilities is recommended to optimize paternal involvement in maternal and child health programs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elma Theana, Leli Punamawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effectiveness of Bay Leaf Water Boil Therapy in Reducing Hypertension in Pregnant Women in Ciseureuh Assisted Village, Purwakarta Regency
World Health Organization (WHO) of 70% of known hypertension sufferers only 25% received treatment and only 12.5% ​​were treated well (adequately treated cases) estimated that by 2025 the rate of high blood pressure will increase by 60% and will affect 1.56 billion people worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the Effectiveness of Bay Leaf Boiled Water (Syzygium Polyanthum) on Reducing Blood Pressure in Pregnant Women with Hypertension in the Taram Health Center Working Area, Limapuluh Kota Regency in 2020, This type of research is a Quasy Experiment with a One Group Pre test-post test design, purposive sampling technique with a sample of 30 people. Data collection uses observation, then the data is analyzed with a dependent T test. The results of the study showed that the average blood pressure of hypertension sufferers in pregnant women before the intervention was 140.91 mmHg, the average blood pressure of hypertension sufferers in pregnant women after the intervention was 119.09 mmHg, There is the effectiveness of boiled bay leaf water (Syzygium Polyanthum) on reducing blood pressure in pregnant women with hypertension in the assisted village of Ciseureuh in 2026 with (p value = 0.046 <0.05), So it is hoped that the village head can coordinate with other health workers or midwives to be able to increase counseling evenly and comprehensively about mothers with hypertension by using leaflets, brochures and pamphlets about hypertension so that it makes it easier for pregnant women with hypertension to understand it.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ewith Widya Mareta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Community-Based Holistic Midwifery Service Management Model To Optimize The Role Of Posyandu Cadres
This research on a community-based holistic midwifery service management model aims to develop and test a community-based holistic midwifery service management model to optimize the role of Posyandu (Integrated Health Post) cadres. Posyandu cadres serve as the frontline providers of community-based health services for mothers, children, adolescents, women of reproductive age, and the elderly in the community, integrating primary care (a basic health care system encompassing promotive, preventive, simple curative, and rehabilitative care) to encourage active community participation in health activities. Challenges often faced by cadres include limited health knowledge, interpersonal communication skills with the community, and coordination with health workers. The background to this research is the persistently high maternal and infant mortality rates in Indonesia and the suboptimal role of Posyandu cadres in holistic midwifery services in the community. The research method used a Research & Development (R&D) approach using the Borg & Gall model, encompassing the stages of initial research, model design, expert validation, limited trials, revisions, and field trials. The study sample consisted of 28 active Posyandu (Integrated Service Post) cadres. Data collection techniques included pre-test and post-test surveys, interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and field observations. Data analysis was conducted quantitatively (paired t-test, multiple regression) and qualitatively to identify, analyze, and report emerging patterns from the data in the Cisereuh District, Purwakarta Regency, in 2026.The results indicated that the implementation of a community-based holistic midwifery service management model increased the effectiveness of the role of Posyandu cadres, including increased knowledge (35.2%), improved service skills (40%), improved interpersonal communication (32.5%), and improved coordination with health workers (36.8%).The community-based holistic midwifery service management model was deemed effective in strengthening the role of Posyandu cadres, increasing community participation, and improving the quality of health services for the elderly, resulting in increased community satisfaction with Posyandu services.The conclusion of this study is that the community-based holistic midwifery management model is feasible as a strategy to strengthen primary healthcare services at the family and community levels, supporting the achievement of the SDGs (reducing maternal and infant mortality rates), and strengthening community-based health systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Harmatuti, Dyan Oktaviany https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect Of A Lemon And Honey Mask On Acne In Combined Injectable Contraceptive Users At The Rosida Family Planning Center Purwakarta In 2026
Acne is a side effect that can be experienced by those taking combined contraceptive injections due to hormonal changes that increase sebum production on the facial skin. One alternative non-pharmacological treatment is a lemon and honey mask, which contains antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.This study aimed to determine the effect of a lemon and honey mask on acne in those taking combined contraceptive injections at the Rosida Purwakarta TPMB in 2026. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 64 respondents, consisting of an intervention group and a control group of 32 respondents each, using a purposive sampling technique. The intervention group was given a lemon and honey mask, while the control group received no special treatment. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test.The results showed that before the intervention, most respondents experienced grade 2 acne. After administering the lemon and honey mask, the intervention group experienced a decrease in acne levels, with an increase in grade 1 acne of 22 respondents (68.8%). The statistical test results showed a p-value of 0.001 (p<0.05), indicating that the lemon and honey mask significantly reduced acne levels in those taking combination contraceptive injections.The lemon and honey mask is effective as a safe, easy, and economical non-pharmacological treatment alternative to help reduce acne in those taking combination contraceptive injections.
Copyright (c) 2026 Intan noor Khalifa, Yeni Tegar Setiawati, Evalina Fransisca Lusianawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect Of Watermelon On Lowering Blood Pressure In Pregnant Women With Hypertension In Complex Cases In Campaka Purwakarta In 2026
Pregnancy with risk high , such as hypertension , can cause more complications​ big for mother and fetus​​ during pregnancy , childbirth and postpartum More from 90 percent death Mother caused by complications obstetrics during pregnancy , childbirth , and postpartum . Consumption fruit watermelon can lower pressure blood High . A pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design examined the effect of watermelon supplementation on pregnant women with hypertension. Thirty respondents were selected using total sampling. The pregnant women were given an intervention involving watermelon consumption for 7 days.The results of the statistical test prove that based on the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test output , the systolic blood pressure value is Z = -4.784, while the diastolic blood pressure value is Z = -4.649 with an Asymp.Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000. Because the p value <0.05, it can be concluded that there is a statistically significant difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure before and after the intervention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Metaliasari, Tia Nurfitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effectiveness of Implementing a Sleep Baby Kit (Baby Massage, White Noise, and Sleep Hygiene Education) in Improving Sleep Quality of Infants Aged 0–6 Months in the Working Area of Munjul Jaya Community Health Center
Sleep quality plays an important role in supporting the growth and development of infants aged 0–6 months. Sleep disturbances during this period can affect neurological maturation and growth hormone secretion, so an effective and safe non-pharmacological intervention is needed, namely the implementation of a Sleep Baby Kit. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Sleep Baby Kit, consisting of baby massage, white noise, and sleep hygiene education, on the sleep quality of infants aged 0–6 months in the working area of Munjul Jaya Community Health Center (Puskesmas), Purwakarta Regency. The study used a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design with 66 respondents divided into an intervention group (n=33) and a control group (n=33). Sleep quality was measured using the BISQ-R before and after a four-week intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and N-Gain analysis. The results showed that the proportion of infants with good sleep quality in the intervention group increased to 90.9%, while in the control group it was only 3.0%. The Wilcoxon test showed a significant improvement in the intervention group (p<0.001) and no significant improvement in the control group (p=0.109). The N-Gain value for the intervention group was 0.71±0.12 (high category), while the control group was 0.12±0.53 (low category). The Sleep Baby Kit is effective in improving the sleep quality of infants aged 0–6 months and has the potential to be applied as an evidence-based non-pharmacological intervention in primary health care.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mey Linda Darmayanti, Ayu Arifianingsih, Titin Prihantini, Karmilah, Neneng Maryamah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect Of Baby Massage Using Lavender Essential Oil On Infant Sleep Quality At Tpmb Sumartini In 2026
Infancy is a golden period of growth and development that requires special attention, including the fulfillment of quality sleep needs. Sleep disturbance in infants remains a fairly prevalent problem, both globally and in Indonesia, and can affect infants' emotions, physical growth, and cognitive development. One of non-pharmacological effort to address this sleep disturbance is baby massage combined with lavender essential oil, because of its relaxing and calming effects. This study aimed to determine the effect of baby massage using lavender essential oil on infant sleep quality at TPMB Sumartini in 2026. The design of the research is use Pre-experimental with one-group pretest-posttest design was used, involving 60 infants aged 3-12 months as the sample. Data were collected through a questionnaire before and after the baby massage intervention using lavender essential oil, then analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with a total sampling technique. The results showed that before the intervention, most infants had poor sleep quality (86.7%), while after being given baby massage using lavender essential oil, infant sleep quality improved to the good category (93.3%). The statistical test showed a p-value = 0.042, meaning there is a significant effect of baby massage using lavender essential oil on infant sleep quality. This study concludes that baby massage with lavender essential oil is effective in improving infant sleep quality, so it can be used as a safe complementary midwifery care alternative that is easy for parents to apply at home.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nova Rati Lova, Rositta Febriana, Triya Puspitarati, Suparmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Strengthening Maternal Self-Care Through An Integrated Holisticare Model Of Reproductive Health Education And Herbal Heat-Pack To Improve Pregnancy Adaptation Among Primigravida Mothers In Ciseureuh Assisted Village, Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia
Background: Pregnancy adaptation is a complex biopsychosocial process that requires adequate maternal self-care. Primigravida mothers frequently experience physical discomfort, anxiety, limited reproductive health knowledge, and insufficient skills to manage pregnancy-related changes. Integrating reproductive health education with complementary non-pharmacological therapy may improve maternal adaptation and well-being. Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Integrated Holisticare Model, combining reproductive health education and Herbal Heat-Pack therapy, in strengthening maternal self-care and improving pregnancy adaptation among primigravida mothers. Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study was conducted in Ciseureuh Assisted Village, Purwakarta Regency, Indonesia, in 2026. The quantitative phase employed a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design involving intervention and control groups. Participants in the intervention group received structured reproductive health education integrated with Herbal Heat-Pack therapy. Maternal self-care and pregnancy adaptation were assessed using validated instruments before and after the intervention, while qualitative interviews explored participants' experiences. Results: The Integrated Holisticare Model significantly improved maternal self-care, reproductive health knowledge, confidence, psychological readiness, and pregnancy adaptation compared with the control group. Participants also reported reduced physical discomfort, lower anxiety, and high acceptance of the intervention because it was practical, culturally appropriate, and easy to apply at home. Conclusion: The Integrated Holisticare Model is an effective community-based intervention for enhancing maternal self-care and promoting holistic pregnancy adaptation among primigravida mothers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shanti Hekmawati, Deka Friska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Development Of Anti-Stress Functional Herbal Drinks Holistic Care Based To Reduce Factors Triggers Of Adolescent Risky Behavior
Adolescence is a developmental phase vulnerable to psychological stress due to academic demands, excessive use of gadgets, irregular sleep patterns, and complex socio-emotional changes. Uncontrolled stress can trigger risky behavior in adolescents, necessitating safe, natural, and sustainable preventive interventions. A holistic care approach through the development of functional herbal anti-stress drinks is a non-pharmacological alternative that has the potential to help reduce stress levels and improve psychological balance in adolescents. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design to analyze the effectiveness of a holistic care-based functional herbal anti-stress drink on reducing the triggers of risky behavior in adolescents. Sixty-four respondents were selected using purposive sampling and divided into an intervention group (n=32) and a control group (n=32). The intervention group was given the functional herbal drink in a structured manner for 12 days, controlling for confounding variables including age, sleep patterns, and device use. Statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in stress levels in the intervention group based on the Wilcoxon test (Z = -4.953; p = 0.000). The mean gain score for stress reduction in the intervention group was 9.40 points, higher than the 1.10 points in the control group. The Mann-Whitney test also showed a significant difference in effectiveness between the two groups (p = 0.000). The conclusion is that the development of a functional herbal anti-stress drink based on holistic care is effective in reducing stress levels and risk-taking behavior triggers in adolescents. These findings are recommended as an alternative promotive and preventive intervention in adolescent health programs in educational settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shinny Ria Pratiwi, Roslinawati, Lailatun, Puput Sri Mulyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Comparison of Educational Methods—Lecture (PPT) versus Visual—Regarding Reproductive Health Knowledge among Adolescents at SMK Bhakti Asih Purwakarta
Reproductive health, like health in general, is a fundamental human right. Achieving it requires accurate and comprehensive knowledge regarding reproductive health. Such knowledge is acquired through various channels, one of which is education. This study employed a quasi-experimental design—specifically a two-group pretest-posttest design—involving 76 respondents selected via total sampling. The experimental group utilized visual media, while the control group received instruction through lectures (PowerPoint presentations). The results indicate a significant difference between the use of visual media (videos) and lectures (PowerPoint) in improving reproductive health knowledge among adolescents. The group receiving education via visual media achieved higher knowledge scores than the lecture group, with a p-value of 0.016 (< 0.05). Thus, the use of visual media is more effective than the lecture method in enhancing adolescents' reproductive health knowledge. These findings support the use of visual media to improve adolescents' knowledge of reproductive health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dita Humaeroh, Tia Suciati, Husnul Chotimah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comparison of Oxytocin Massage And Warm Compress Herbal Results In Reducing Uterine Fundus Heightfor Post-Partum Mothers At Tpmb Midwife Rosida Purwakarta Plered 2025
Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the main causes of high maternal mortality rates and is often associated with slow uterine involution. Various non-pharmacological interventions, such as oxytocin massage and warm herbal compresses, have been developed to stimulate uterine contractions and accelerate the reduction of uterine fundal height (FHH). Objective: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of oxytocin massage and warm herbal compresses on reducing uterine fundal height in postpartum mothers at TPMB Bidan Rosida Plered, Purwakarta Regency. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design with a two- group pretest–posttest design. A total of 62 postpartum mothers were selected using accidental sampling technique and divided into two intervention groups, namely oxytocin massage and warm herbal compresses.TFU measurements were performed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Oxytocin massage showed a significant effect on reducing uterine fundal height (p=0.018), while warm herbal compresses did not show a statistically significant effect (p=0.637). However, the Mann–Whitney test results showed no significant difference in effectiveness between the two groups after the intervention (p=0.148). Conclusion: Oxytocin massage was more effective than warm herbal compresses in accelerating the reduction of uterine fundal height in postpartum mothers. Although oxytocin massage provided greater changes in its group, the effectiveness of both interventions was not statistically different directly, so both interventions can be considered as alternative non-pharmacological therapies in postpartum care to support uterine involution and help prevent uterine subinvolution.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Sulastri Sutran, Teti Yuli Handayani, Nurhayati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comparison Of Peppermint And Ginger Essential Oil On The Reduction Of Back Pain Intensity In Pregnant Women In The Third Trimester In The Working Area Of Munjul Jaya Community Health Center, Purwakarta Regency, 2025
Back pain is one of the discomforts most frequently experienced by pregnant women, especially in the third trimester. In Indonesia, the prevalence of back pain among third-trimester pregnant women is reported to be around 70%. Peppermint and ginger contain compounds that can help reduce this problem. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a two group pretest posttest design. The first group was given peppermint essential oil and the second group was given ginger essential oil. A total of 50 respondents were selected using purposive sampling and given the intervention 4 times over a period of 2 weeks. The Wilcoxon test results showed ­p-value of 0.000 in both groups, so both peppermint essential oil and ginger essential oil had a significant effect on reducing the intensity of back pain in third-trimester pregnant women. The Mann-Whitney test obtained a p-value of 0.149, indicating no difference between the peppermint essential oil and ginger groups in reducing pain intensity. Thus, peppermint and ginger essential oils are beneficial as non-pharmacological treatments
Copyright (c) 2026 Maulida Lathifah, Qurotul Aini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comparative Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted And Fluoroscopy-Guided Pedicle Screw Placement In Lumbar Degenerative Disease: A Systematic Review And Meta Analysis
Introduction: Pedicle screw fixation is a cornerstone of lumbar spine surgery, but fluoroscopy-guided placement is associated with screw malposition, cortical breach, facet joint violation, and radiation exposure. Robotic-assisted techniques have been developed to improve trajectory planning, placement accuracy, and procedural safety. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared robotic-assisted and fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw placement in spinal surgery, with emphasis on accuracy and perioperative outcomes. Materials/Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and ScienceDirect was conducted for studies published between 2022 and 2025 using keywords related to fluoroscopy, robotic assistance, spine, and pedicle screws. Retrospective cohort and retrospective comparative studies evaluating robotic-assisted versus fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw insertion were included. Outcomes included screw placement accuracy, intraoperative blood loss, radiation exposure, complications, and hospital-related outcomes. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. Odds ratios were used for dichotomous outcomes, while mean differences or standardized mean differences were used for continuous outcomes. Results: Five retrospective studies involving 710 patients and 4,434 pedicle screws were included. Robotic-assisted placement demonstrated significantly higher screw accuracy than fluoroscopy-guided placement, involving 1,937 robotic screws and 2,497 fluoroscopy-guided screws. The pooled analysis showed that robotic assistance was associated with greater odds of accurate screw placement (OR 2.73; 95% CI 1.50–4.97; p = 0.001), although heterogeneity was moderate to substantial (I² = 66%). Blood loss was lower in the robotic group by 73.06 mL, but this difference was not statistically significant (95% CI −225.18 to 79.06; p = 0.35; I² = 98%). Radiation exposure was significantly reduced with robotic assistance, showing a large effect size favoring robotics (SMD −1.63; 95% CI −2.55 to −0.71; p = 0.0005), despite substantial heterogeneity (I² = 93%). Conclusion: Robotic-assisted pedicle screw placement provides superior screw accuracy and significantly reduces radiation exposure compared with fluoroscopy-guided techniques. However, evidence for reduced blood loss remains inconclusive. Further prospective studies are required to confirm clinical benefits and long-term outcomes
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Zidane, Oktavio Jalu Kuncoro Jati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluation of The Implementation of Electronic Medical Records On The Completeness Of Emergency Room (IGD) Patient Documentation at Lembang Regional Hospital
The implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) is part of the digital transformation of healthcare services aimed at improving the quality of documentation and continuity of patient care. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of Electronic Medical Records on the completeness of patient documentation in the Emergency Department (IGD) at Lembang Regional General Hospital. The study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive design and an evaluative approach. The study population was 1,850 Electronic Medical Record documents from ER patients, with a sample of 329 documents determined using the Slovin formula and Simple Random Sampling techniques. Data were collected through observation, documentation studies, and quantitative analysis checklists, then analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequency distribution and percentages. The results showed that the entire ER service documentation process had used Electronic Medical Records. The level of completeness of documentation reached 85.1%, while 14.9% of documents were still incomplete. The most frequently incomplete component was the doctor's signature (10.3%), followed by patient education (6.1%) and physical examination (4.6%). The conclusion of the study shows that the implementation of Electronic Medical Records at Lembang Regional Hospital has supported the completeness of IGD patient documentation, but there is still a need to improve user compliance, monitoring, and evaluation to optimize the quality of medical record documentation
Copyright (c) 2026 Dinny Sulistiani, Intan Pujilestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluation of The Completeness of Electronic Medical Records In Supporting Reporting of The Top 10 Diseases of Inpatients At Majalengka Regional Hospital
The completeness of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) is one of the important factors that determine the quality of health information and the accuracy of reporting the top 10 diseases in hospitals. This study aims to evaluate the completeness of the EMR in inpatients in supporting the reporting of the top 10 diseases at Majalengka Regional Hospital, identify the top 10 diseases, analyze EMR support for reporting, and identify factors that influence EMR incompleteness. The study used a mixed method with a quantitative approach as the dominant method and a qualitative approach as a complement. The quantitative population amounted to 1,813 EMR documents of inpatients in the fourth quarter of 2025 with a sample of 328 documents determined using simple random sampling. The qualitative population consisted of medical record officers. The research instruments included a checklist, interview guide, and documentation study. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively using percentages, while qualitative data were analyzed through narrative writing. The results showed that most EMR components were complete, but incompleteness was still found in the informed consent, history taking, diagnosis, and operation report. The EMR supports the compilation of top 10 disease reports through the Zicare application, but reporting quality is still affected by completeness of documentation, diagnostic accuracy, workload, healthcare provider coordination, and system limitations. This study concludes that the EMR has supported the reporting of top 10 diseases at Majalengka Regional Hospital, but improvements in documentation quality and strengthening of the EMR management system are still needed to produce more accurate and high-quality reports.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nova Oktaviani Rahayu, Intan Pujilestari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Review of Electronic Medical Record Data Processing To Support Quality Re-porting Activities At The Medical Records Installation Of Umar Wira-hadikusumah Regional Hospital
Electronic Medical Records play a vital role in providing accurate and complete data to support hospital quality reporting. However, incomplete medical record entries remain a barrier to producing optimal quality reports. This study aims to review the processing of Electronic Medical Record data to support quality reporting activities at the Medical Record Installation of Umar Wirahadikusumah Regional General Hospital. The study used a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The study population consisted of 128 Electronic Medical Record data from inpatients for the period of December 2025, and the entire population was sampled using a total sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through observation, structured interviews, and a medical record completeness checklist. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that Electronic Medical Record data processing had been carried out through the stages of sampling, data collection, data processing, and presentation of quality reports. The level of completeness of medical records reached 75% (96 files), while 25% (32 files) were still incomplete, especially in diagnosis, patient identity, service forms, and authentication. This study concludes that the Electronic Medical Record data processing process has supported quality reporting, however, increasing compliance in filling out medical records through continuous monitoring and evaluation is still needed to improve data quality and hospital quality reporting.
Copyright (c) 2026 Oktafia Akbar Putri, Neni Rohaeni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
sFlt-1 Levels as an Indicator of the Effectiveness of Antihypertensive Agents in Gestational Hypertension
Gestational hypertension is reported to increase maternal morbidity and mortality, linked to higher levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) that lead to endothelial dysfunction. Methyldopa and nifedipine are thought to improve the angiogenic profile, but there are limited data on the effect on the sFlt-1 levels. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate how methyldopa alone and the combination of methyldopa with nifedipine affect sFlt-1 levels and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in cases of gestational hypertension. This prospective observational study included 30 patients with gestational hypertension who were divided into the methyldopa monotherapy (n=15) and methyldopa-nifedipine combination group (n=15). sFlt-1 levels were calculated utilizing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in the first 24 hours of hospitalization (prepartum) and 24 hours after delivery (postpartum). The results showed that the combination group experienced a decrease in sFlt-1 levels and MAP by 23.8% (p<0.05) and 13.1% (p<0.001), respectively. These values were greater than those of the monotherapy group, which only reduced sFlt-1 levels by 18.8% (p>0.05) and MAP by 10.4% (p<0.05). A more consistent decrease in sFlt-1 levels was observed in five patients with severe preeclampsia who received additional magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄). In conclusion, methyldopa monotherapy and the combination of methyldopa-nifedipine reduced sFlt-1 and MAP levels. This result made sFlt-1 levels a marker of the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy in gestational hypertension.
Copyright (c) 2026 Riska Khoirfatud Rahmawati, yulistiani, Ernawati, Marcha Debby S, Dian Ika Rahmawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect of Bangun-Bangun Leaf Soup on Breast Milk Production of Postpartum Mothers in Sidoharjo I Village, Pasar Miring, Pagar Merbau District in 2025
Breast milk is the primary source of nutrition for newborns and provides long-term benefits for the child's growth and immune system. However, not all postpartum mothers are able to produce sufficient amounts of breast milk. One natural alternative to support and enhance milk production is through the use of herbal plants, one of which is Coleus amboinicus Lour, commonly known as bangun-bangun leaves. This study aims to determine the effect of consuming soup made from bangun-bangun leaves on breast milk production among postpartum mothers. The type of research used is quantitative with a quasi-experimental method and a two-group pre-test post-test control group design. The research was conducted in Desa Sidoharjo I Pasar Miring, Pagar Merbau Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra. The sample consisted of 12 postpartum mothers selected through total sampling. The intervention included administering bangun-bangun leaf soup twice a day for seven days. Data were collected through direct observation and measurement of breast milk volume before and after the intervention. The univariate analysis showed an increase in the number of mothers with smooth milk production after the intervention. The bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon test revealed a significance value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of bangun-bangun leaf soup on milk production. The study concludes that soup made from bangun-bangun leaves is effective in increasing breast milk production among postpartum mothers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jayanti Rida Lestari, Astri Ulina Saragih, Suci Nur Azijah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect of Conflict Management With Work Stress of Nurses in The Tgk Chik Ditiro Sigli Regional Hospital
Conflict is a problem that often arises in the nursing work environment. Good conflict management for nurses is essential so that the conflict that occurs has a functional impact so that it can reduce nurses' work stress. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between conflict management with work stress of nurses in the Tgk Chik Ditiro Sigli Regional Hospital. This type of research is quantitative; correlative with a cross-sectional study design. The study population was all nurses in the Tgk Chik Ditiro Sigli Regional Hospital. The sampling technique used total sampling with a total of 58 respondents. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. Data analysis used the Chi Square statistical test . The results of data processing showed that of the 30 nurses with good conflict management, most of the nurses' work stress levels were mild, namely 22 nurses (73.3%). Meanwhile, of the 28 nurses with poor conflict management, 17 nurses (40.5%) felt mild stress with their work. The results of the study generally found that there was an influence of conflict management on work stress (p-value = 0.000). Therefore, it can be concluded that conflict management has a significant impact on nurses' work stress . Hospital management is expected to facilitate nurses' education and training on conflict and conflict management, thereby improving their ability to select appropriate conflict management strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Abqariah, Masri, Mukhlis, Nurul Atikah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Profile of Dermatologic Emergencies At The Emergency Department of RSUD Jombang: A Three-Year Retrospective Study (2023 To 2025)
Dermatologic emergencies comprise acute skin conditions requiring prompt recognition and management because delayed treatment may result in systemic complications or death. Epidemiological data from regional hospitals in Indonesia remain limited. To describe the profile of dermatologic emergencies at the Emergency Department of RSUD Jombang during 2023–2025. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using medical records of dermatology and venereology patients admitted through the emergency department and hospitalized under dermatology specialists. Total sampling was applied. Variables included demographic characteristics, diagnosis, emergency category, length of stay, and patient outcomes. A total of 216 cases were analyzed. Most patients were male (54.6%), with a mean age of 51.6 years; the largest age group was 40–59 years (43.5%). Drug reactions or eruptions (27.8%), dermatitis or eczema (22.7%), leprosy reactions (15.7%), and infections (15.3%) were the most common diagnostic categories. Erythroderma (19.9%), leprosy reaction (15.3%), and Stevens–Johnson syndrome (11.6%) were the leading diagnoses. Most cases were classified as urgent (64.8%), and 88.9% of patients showed clinical improvement. Drug reactions, erythroderma, and leprosy-related conditions predominated among dermatologic emergencies, providing evidence to strengthen emergency preparedness and acute dermatology services in regional hospitals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ruri Wahyu Lestanto, Andri Catur Jatmiko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effectiveness of The Use of Antihyperuricemia Against Decrease In Uric Acid Levels In Hypertensive Patients With Gout at Puskesmas X Rembang Regency
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of antihyperuricemic drugs in reducing uric acid levels in hypertensive patients who also suffer from gout at Community Health Center 1 Rembang. This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design, using secondary data from medical records from 2024–2025. In this study, there were 91 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The dominant characteristic of the respondents was men aged 51–65 years with an educational background ranging from elementary to junior high school. The most commonly used antihypertensive drug was amlodipine (85.7%). Before undergoing therapy, all patients (100%) showed abnormal blood pressure levels. After antihypertensive therapy, 45 patients (49.5%) had normal blood pressure, while 46 patients (50.5%) were in the abnormal category with amlodipine in 78 patients (85.7%) and captopril in 11 patients (12.1%), while the most common antihyperuricemic drug was allopurinol (87.9%). Before undergoing therapy, all patients (100%) showed abnormal uric acid levels. After antihyperuricemic therapy, 23 patients (25.3%) managed to achieve normal uric acid levels, while 68 patients (74.7%) remained in the abnormal category. Bivariate analysis showed that the average uric acid level before therapy was 8.9 mg/dL, which decreased to 7.3 mg/dL after therapy, with an average decrease reaching 1.6 mg/dL. Paired t-test indicated a p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference between the conditions before and after therapy. In conclusion, the application of antihyperuricemia has been proven effective in reducing uric acid levels in patients with hypertension who also have gout at Community Health Center 1 Rembang.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indah Wahyu Setianingsih, Endang Setyowati, Intan Adevia Rosnarita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Relationship Between Knowledge Level And Family Support On Medication Adherence In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Background : Non-compliance in taking medication is the main determining factor that triggers the onset of complications in people with diabetes mellitus, so adherence to pharmacological therapy is a very important element in efforts to control this disease. The level of patient understanding related to diabetes mellitus and the support from the family are believed to have a significant role in encouraging increased patient adherence to the treatment regimen. The purpose of the research is to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and family support and medication adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus at the Kedungmundu Health Center, Semarang City. Method: This cross-sectional design observational analytical study involving 110 respondents of diabetes mellitus patients at the Kedungmundu Semarang Health Center was determined from a consecutive sampling technique based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ-24), Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale (HDFSS), Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-10), then analyzed with univariate and bivariate using the Spearman Rho test with a meaning of p<0.05. Results: The Spearman Rho test showed a positive correlation of Knowledge Level and Medication Compliance (p<0.05; r = 0.584). Positive correlation of Family Support and Medication Compliance (p<0.05; r = 0.503). Good knowledge level 61 respondents (55.5%), high family support 59 respondents (53.6%), high medication adherence 58 respondents (52.7%). Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the level of knowledge and family support for medication adherence to diabetes mellitus patients at the Kedungmundu Health Center in Semarang. Conclusion : The higher the level of knowledge and family support, the more compliant the medication the diabetic mellitus patients are.
Copyright (c) 2026 Atthiyyah Nur Aini, Merry Tiyas A, Chamim Faizin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Relationship Between Screen Time And Grade Point Average Among Medical Students At Prima Indonesia University
The use of electronic devices among college students is on the rise, whether for academic or non-academic activities. Screen time encompasses various activities, such as studying, using social media, playing games, and watching videos. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the duration of screen time spent on various activities and students’ GPA. This study was conducted using a quantitative design with a correlational approach, involving 220 students from the 2nd, 4th, and 6th semesters as the research sample, selected using stratified random sampling. The data were obtained throught a questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test. The results indicate that total screen time and time spent watching videos are not significantly associated with GPA (P > 0.05). In contrast, social media use showed a negative association with GPA (r = -0.196; p = 0.004), and gaming was negatively associated with GPA (r = -0.221; p = 0.001). Meanwhile, the use of electronic devices for studying was positively associated with GPA (r = 0.436; p < 0.001). This study concludes that the relationship between screen time and GPA is more strongly influenced by the type of screen-based activity rather than the overall duration of device use.
Copyright (c) 2026 jesslyn vanesa vanesa, Irza Haicha Pratama, Alvin Abrar Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis of Midwife Needs Based On Workload In The Obgyn And Child Poly Work Unit At RSKIA HARYANDA Using the Workload Indicator of Staffing Need (WISN) Method
Hospitals are required to provide quality health services through the availability of adequate human resources, including midwives. The mismatch between the number of personnel and the workload can affect the effectiveness of services and the quality of midwifery care. This study aims to analyze the needs of midwives based on workload using the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) method. The research uses a quantitative descriptive approach. Data was obtained from secondary data in the form of the number of midwife service activities for one year and primary data through observation of the use of working time in each main activity. The analysis was carried out by calculating available working hours, workload standards, allowance standards, and manpower requirements based on WISN guidelines, then comparing them with the number of available midwives. The results of the analysis are expected to be able to describe the level of adequacy of midwives, identify shortages or over-staff, and become the basis for planning human resource needs in hospitals. The application of the WISN method provides a more objective calculation of manpower needs and is based on actual workload so that it can support management decision-making in the arrangement of health workers, improve the efficiency of human resource utilization, and optimize the quality of midwifery services in hospitals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sarah Agustina, Nuraini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Acupuncture Management of Post-Term Pregnancy with Spleen Qi Deficiency to Promote Uterine Contractions: A Case Study
Prolonged labor caused by weak uterine contraction is conventionally managed with synthetic oxytocin, which carries potential adverse effects. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, weak uterine contraction is frequently associated with Spleen Qi Deficiency, presenting as physical exhaustion, edema, and inadequate energy for childbirth. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture as a non-pharmacological intervention to stimulate uterine contraction in a postterm pregnant woman experiencing Spleen Qi Deficiency. A clinical case study was conducted at Klinik Bumi Sehat Ubud, Bali, involving a 40-week pregnant participant who exhibited an initial absence of uterine contraction, lower limb edema, severe fatigue, and a weak pulse. The therapeutic intervention consisted of six consecutive acupuncture sessions utilizing specific acupoints, including Sanyinjiao (SP6), Zusanli (ST36), Hegu (LI4), and Yinlingquan (SP9), combined with moxibustion, to eliminate damp-cold pathogens, regulate Qi, and tonify the spleen. The results demonstrated a progressive and significant clinical improvement; the participant's lower limb edema resolved entirely, and maternal physical stamina was fully restored. Furthermore, active and strong uterine contraction was successfully induced, culminating in a normal and spontaneous vaginal delivery. In conclusion, targeted acupuncture therapy serves as a highly effective and safe holistic approach for addressing delayed labor and maternal fatigue attributed to Spleen Qi Deficiency, thereby offering a viable complementary intervention in obstetric care.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Gusti Ayu Suprapti, Chantika Mahadini, Puspo Wardoyo, Ikhwan Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effect of The Self-Healing Method With The Butterfly Hug Technique On Changes In Maternal Anxiety Levels In The Latent Phase of Labor In Rumah Sakit Bersalin Paradise Tanah Bumbu
Anxiety in latent labor is a psychological response that can hinder labor by increasing stress hormones and tension in the muscles of the birth canal. Therefore, non-pharmacological treatments such as self-healing with the butterfly hug technique are necessary. This study aimed to determine the effect of self-healing with the butterfly hug technique on anxiety levels in latent labor. The study design used a Quasi-Experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest. A sample of 10 mothers in the latent phase of labor who met the inclusion criteria (primigravida, maternal age <20->35 years) was obtained using an accidental sampling technique. The measurement instrument used the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised 2 (PRAQ-R2) questionnaire. The intervention was carried out for 10 minutes with a butterfly hug procedure according to standard operating procedures. The results of the study showed that before the intervention, most (60%) mothers experienced moderate anxiety and after the intervention, most (60%) experienced mild anxiety. The results of the bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon Test obtained a P-Value = 0.002 (<0.05) which means H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. In conclusion, there is a significant influence of the self-healing method with the butterfly hug on the level of anxiety of mothers in the latent phase of labor. It is hoped that respondents can practice the butterfly hug technique independently as an effort to control anxiety during pregnancy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tika Sari Dewy, Ritna Udiyani, Nadia Khairunnisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Formulation and Effectiveness Testing of A Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Moisturizing Cream For Treating Heel Xerosis
Xerosis of the heel of the foot is first shown by symptoms of dryness with the skin surface becoming scaly, hard, and uncomfortable. Continuous conditions will cause the surface of the skin to crack and crack which results in irritation and inflammation. Pure coconut oil is a fatty oil that can be used as a cream base and is able to prevent tissue damage and provide protection to the skin. To formulate a pure coconut oil moisturizing cream preparation and find out its effectiveness in treating xerosis on the heels of the feet. This study was conducted experimentally which included making cream preparations by adding virgin coconut oil, each with a concentration of F1 (2%), F2 (4%), F3 (6%) and F4 (8%) into the cream base moisturizer. As a blank, a moisturizing cream base without pure coconut oil (F0) is used. Tests on the virgin coconut oil moisturizing cream preparation included homogeneity test, emulsion type determination, pH determination, observation of the stability of the preparation after 12 weeks of storage, skin irritation test, test of the ability of the cream preparation to treat xerosis on the heels using 15 volunteers for one months of administration by applying moisturizing cream twice a day, by seeing a decrease in the xerosis level scale. Pure coconut oil can be formulated into a moisturizing cream preparation that is homogeneous and remains stable in storage for 4 weeks at room temperature with a w/m emulsion type. cream preparations show pH results that are in accordance with the physiological pH of the skin (6) and do not irritate the skin. Pure coconut oil cream preparations have the effect of curing xerosis on the heels of the feet in 15 volunteers for 4 weeks of use, preparations with a concentration of 8% are more effective than concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6%. Pure coconut oil (virgin coconut oil) can be formulated in the preparation of a moisturizing cream with a water/o emulsion type, the cream that is most effective in curing xerosis is produced from a concentration of 8% virgin coconut oil.
Copyright (c) 2026 Irma Hartati, Asmaul Husna, Meliani Sukma Dewi, Arbaiyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Correlation of Visual Acuity To Average Report Card Scores with High Index Scale Assessment of Grade 2 Students of Muhammadiyah 01 Medan Senior High School
Introduction: The eyes are important human senses for carrying out daily activities. Vision impairment is common and can be at risk of causing blindness. Globally, about 2.2 billion people have vision impairments, and more than 1 billion of them are preventable. Children aged 5-15 years are also affected, with 19 million of them experiencing visual impairments. Impaired visual acuity in children can affect their academic performance, as poor vision interferes with learning ability. The sharp decline in vision during the COVID-19 pandemic was exacerbated by excessive use of gadgets, leading to worsening visual impairment. If not treated appropriately, this disorder can hinder a child's development. Vision examination is essential to detect this problem early, and examination with the Snellen Chart is one of the effective methods in detecting such abnormalities. Objective: This study aims to see the relationship between the level of visual acuity and the average score of report cards in grade 2 students of SMA Muhammadiyah 01 Medan. Methods: The study used an analytical descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample consisted of 71 2nd grade students of Muhammadiyyah Private High School 01 for the 2024/2025 school year. The sharpness of the vision was checked using the Snellen Chart, while the average score of the report card was taken from the student's academic data. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-square test. Results: The majority of the research subjects based on the classification of the average score of the report card for normal vision were very good with the number of 17 samples (65.38%) and for the abnormal vision was good with the number of 15 samples (60%). The results of the Chi-square test obtained a p value of 0.042. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the level of visual acuity and the average score of the report card of students of SMA Muhammadiyah 01 Medan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Fathan Arsya, Zaldi Z https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Development of a Holistic Pre-Marital Assistance ModuleNon-Counseling for Prospective Bride and Groom Couples at the KUA Bungursari District, Purwakarta Regency 2026
Marriage is a fundamental social institution that determines the quality of family resilience and human resource development. Premarital preparedness is a key factor in preventing marital conflict, domestic violence, and divorce. A preventative approach through premarital education is a crucial strategy for strengthening family resilience. Globally, the WHO emphasizes the importance of education-based promotive and preventive approaches to improve individual readiness to enter family roles, especially in the productive age group. In Purwakarta, the phenomenon of early marriage and the social dynamics of urban-rural transition communities demonstrate the need for education-based preventive interventions. The current approach is still dominated by couples counseling, while individual empowerment—especially for prospective brides and grooms, both men and women, before marriage has not been systematically developed in the form of structured modules. Therefore, innovation is needed in the form of developing a non-counseling holistic pre-marital assistance module for prospective brides and grooms that is oriented towards preventive education and strengthening self-capacity. The holistic approach in this study includes the following dimensions: psychological and emotional readiness, social maturity and communication, financial literacy and economic responsibility, reproductive and mental health, spiritual values ​​and family leadership. This research was conducted as a preliminary study in the Purwakarta area, the compiler chose the Bungursari area because of its large population coverage, based on KUA data in 2026 it was stated that in the last 3 months in October there were 28 couples of brides and grooms, November 29 couples of brides and grooms, December 11 couples of brides and grooms, January 30 couples of brides and grooms, so the compiler chose to take total sampling data as research material for 30 couples of brides and grooms for the period. January 2026
Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Widyastuti, Eka prihatin, Anitasari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Management of Arthritis Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): A Systematic Review of Conventional and Targeted Therapies
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract associated with significant extraintestinal manifestations. Arthritis is the most frequent extraintestinal manifestation, with an overall prevalence of 17–39%, and is classified as a subtype of spondyloarthritis involving axial and/or peripheral joints. Peripheral arthritis is generally non-erosive, with the oligoarticular variant correlating with intestinal disease activity, whereas axial arthritis—including sacroiliitis and ankylosing spondylitis—tends to progress independently of bowel disease activity. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of IBD-associated arthritis, covering its definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. Pathogenesis involves three interconnected mechanisms: extension of intestinal immune responses, gut microbiota dysregulation through Th17 pathway activation, and genetic predisposition mediated by HLA-B27 and NOD2/CARD15. Diagnosis relies on ASAS clinical criteria, with MRI as the preferred modality for early detection of axial involvement. Management requires an integrated approach; TNF-α inhibitors serve as first-line therapy in active disease, while JAK inhibitors, ustekinumab, and vedolizumab represent promising novel therapeutic options. Multidisciplinary collaboration between gastroenterologists and rheumatologists is essential to optimize long-term clinical outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iqbal Habibie, Najirman, Eka Kurniawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Effectiveness of Endorphin Massage in Reducing Labor Pain During the Active Phase of the First Stage of Labor at Independent Midwifery Practice (PMB) E, Mustika Jaya, Bekasi (2025–2026)
Excessive and prolonged labor pain can lead to anxiety, psychological distress, labor complications, and even maternal and neonatal mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to manage labor pain using non-pharmacological methods, such as endorphin massage. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of endorphin massage in reducing labor pain during the active phase of the first stage of labor among women giving birth at PMB E Mustika Jaya, Bekasi. This study employed a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pre-test/post-test design, involving a sample of 30 women in the first stage of labor. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was used to measure pain intensity before and after endorphin massage. Data analysis was conducted using the non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The analysis yielded a p-value of <0.01 (indicating a value below the 0.05 threshold). Consequently, the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted; the mean scores were 5.73 for the pre-test and 3.97 for the post-test, indicating a reduction in pain. The study concludes that endorphin massage is effective in reducing pain intensity during the active phase of the first stage of labor.
Copyright (c) 2026 Emilia Emilia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Hypoglycemia Incidence Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Antidiabetic Therapy: A Retrospective Hospital-Based Study in South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with an increasing prevalence. Antidiabetic drugs (OAD) are necessary for glycemic control, but they carry the risk of causing hypoglycemia. Objective: This study aimed to assess patient characteristics, OAD usage patterns including drug type, dosage, and regimen, hypoglycemic complaints, and side effect categories using the Naranjo Algorithm. Method: A descriptive, observational quantitative study with a retrospective, non-experimental design was conducted at Brigjend H. Hasan Basry Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Kandangan, utilizing medical record data and interviews. Samples were taken via total sampling from T2DM patients with hypoglycemia in 2025, followed by univariate analysis. Results: Of the 18 patients, 11 met the criteria, but only 7 underwent further analysis. The majority of patients who experienced hypoglycemia were over 60 years of age (85.7%) and female (85.7%), with hypertension being the most common comorbidity (57.1%). The pattern of oral antidiabetic (OAD) use was dominated by sulfonylurea monotherapy, specifically glimepiride at a dose of 2 mg once daily (42.8%). The most frequently reported primary complaint was weakness. Based on the Naranjo algorithm, most hypoglycemia cases fell into the Probable category (85.7%), while 14.3% fell into the Possible category. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes patients with risk factors such as advanced age, female gender, comorbid hypertension, and the use of glimepiride constitute the group at highest risk for hypoglycemic events. Findings regarding incomplete data and misconceptions about medication instructions indicate a need for optimized patient and family education, as well as comprehensive therapy monitoring.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadiyah Wafa, Tyas Setia Nugraha, Herda Ariyani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Difference In The Effect of Ankle Strategy Exercise And Tandem Strategy Exercise On The Risk of Falls In Elderly Withhypertension At Nalumsari Community Health Center 1
Hypertension in the elderly can cause balance disorders that increase the risk of falls, so effective balance training interventions are needed. This study aims to analyze the differences in the effects of Ankle Strategy Exercise and Tandem Strategy Exercise on the risk of falls in hypertensive elderly at Nalumsari 1 Community Health Center. The study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test design in two groups. The study population was 66 hypertensive elderly, while a sample of 40 respondents was selected using a simple random sampling technique. The research instruments included the Timed Up and Go Test, a sphygmomanometer, a stopwatch, and an observation sheet. Data analysis was carried out using univariate analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that both groups experienced a significant decrease in Timed Up and Go Test scores after the intervention with a p value = 0.000. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in effectiveness between the two groups with a p value = 0.003, where the Tandem Strategy Exercise group had a higher mean rank than the Ankle Strategy Exercise group. It can be concluded that both exercises are effective in reducing the risk of falls in elderly hypertensive patients, but Tandem Strategy Exercise provides better effectiveness than Ankle Strategy Exercise.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ade Fazal Muna, Sukesih, Dewi Hartinah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Extending Epuskesmas With A Domain-Specific Large Language Model For Orthopaedic Documentation of Osteoarthritis And Osteoporosis: A Proof-Of-Concept Study Toward Indonesian Primary Health Care Strengthening
Background. Clinical documentation is a major driver of workload in primary care, and Indonesia's mandated transition to electronic medical records has increased the recording burden on community health centres (Puskesmas). A recent proof-of-concept study showed that a browser-based pipeline combining automatic speech recognition (ASR) with large language model (LLM) summarisation can convert Bahasa Indonesia doctor-patient conversations into ePuskesmas fields for general primary care. Musculoskeletal complaints, particularly knee osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, are common, disabling and largely manageable at primary level, yet they require documentation elements that a general-purpose template does not explicitly capture. Objective. To develop a domain-specific orthopaedic extension of the ePuskesmas LLM documentation framework and to evaluate the clinical adequacy of its generated documentation through independent clinician review. Methods. Six scripted roleplay consultations covering knee osteoarthritis and osteoporosis-related conditions were recorded in Bahasa Indonesia, transcribed with a Whisper model, and summarised with an LLM using an orthopaedic-specific prompt mapped to ePuskesmas fields. Transcripts and structured outputs were assessed independently by three practising clinicians (two general practitioners working in Puskesmas and one orthopaedic specialist) against a seven-domain rubric scored 1-5, yielding 126 ratings. Inter-rater reliability was quantified using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results. Across 126 ratings the overall mean was 3.29 of 5 (range 2-5), corresponding to the rubric anchor acceptable (usable after moderate editing). Agreement between reviewers was high: ICC(2,k) = 0.96, with all three reviewers assigning an identical score on 73.8% of items and agreeing to within one scale point on every item. Domain means were highest for appropriateness of referral recommendation (4.00) and appropriateness of Puskesmas-level management (3.83), and intermediate for red-flag identification (3.44). Scenario means ranged from 4.19 (suspected fragility fracture) to 2.57 (moderate knee osteoarthritis with obesity and gastritis). Qualitative review identified one materially unsafe analgesic recommendation, systematic loss of pertinent negative findings, incomplete transfer of examination detail, over-triage of one chronic case and conflation of fracture risk with established diagnosis. Conclusion. A domain-specific ePuskesmas LLM is technically feasible and produces documentation drafts of acceptable but not clinically final quality. Performance was adequate for management and referral recommendations, whereas fidelity to the source consultation was the limiting factor.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Azmul A. Irfan, Nur Ahmad Khatim, Achmad Zaki, Bisatyo Mardjikoen, Mansur M. Arief, Amril Nur Ismail, Ahmad Farhap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Relationship Between Family Support And Leisure Time Utilization With Mental And Emotional Conditions In Children
Children's mental and emotional state is influenced by family support and the use of free time. This study aims to analyze the relationship between these two factors with the mental and emotional state of junior high school students. This quantitative study with a correlational design and a cross-sectional approach involved 284 eighth-grade students as the population and 57 respondents as the sample through two-stage cluster sampling. The instruments included a family support questionnaire, the Leisure Time Activity Questionnaire (LTAQ), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rho test. The results showed that family support (r = -0.592; p = 0.001) and the use of free time (r = -0.311; p = 0.019) were significantly related to mental and emotional state. In conclusion, increased family support and positive use of free time contribute to better mental and emotional state of children
Copyright (c) 2026 Sidrotul Hana, Muhammad Purnomo, Sri Karyati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Analysis of Multiple-Choice Questions In Musculoskeletal Module At orthopaedics and Traumatology Division, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Faculty of Medicine
Background : Multiple choice question are a form of assessment to measure student competence. The quality of the multiple choice items can be determined using the parameters of the difficulty item, discrimination index, and distractor efficiency. Objective: To carry out item analysis of MCQs and the association between distractor efficiency with difficulty index and discrimination index in Musculoskeletal Module at Orthopaedic and Traumatology Division, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Faculty of Medicine, Jakarta, in 2018 - 2019. Methods: Observational analytic study with cross sectional design. Total samples analyzed were 155 items with 620 distractors. Results: The difficulty index showed 12 (7.75%) difficult items, 52 (33,55%) moderate items, and 91 (58,7%) easy items. Out of 155 items, 89 items (57.4%) were good questions and 66 items (42.6%) were poor questions, based on discrimination index. Eight items (5.2%) had high distractor efficiency, whereas the distractor efficiency of 73 items (47.1%), and 74 items (47.7%) were moderate and low, respectively. The functional distractors were 247 (39.8%) and non functional distractors were 373 (60.2%). There was a significant association between the distractor efficiency with difficulty index and discrimination index (p <0.05). Conclusion: There was a considerable number of nonideal items based on the difficulty index, discrimination index, and distractor effectiveness. The distractor efficiency was significantly associated with the difficulty index and discrimination index (p <0,05).
Copyright (c) 2026 Bisatyo Mardjikoen, Ahmad Mu’taz Shobary, Achmad Zaki, Marita Fadhilah, Siti Nuraisyah Jauharoh, Ahmad Azmul A. Irfan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0