International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP)

Development of BPJS from Participation, Government Policy, and Technological Aspects After Pandemic

Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The pandemic hits all sectors, not only public health but also economic, financial and social aspects. The pandemic in the past makes health development in Indonesia necessary, especially because of its impact on the development of health insurance. Health insurance exists in the form of health protection guarantees, so that participants receive health care benefits, and basic health needs protection is provided to anyone who has paid the insurance premium. The package offered by the National Health Insurance Scheme (JKN) Indonesia goverment is very comprehensive, and includes promotional, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services, all of which are covered and free of charge. Limit costs if they comply with procedures. The JKN program is organized by the Social Health Security Administration (BPJS). Many changes have been made to BPJS in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, both in terms of BPSJ membership, government regulations and the technology sector in Indonesia. The methodology of this study is a literature review using international and domestic publications through various databases of research articles, reports and research documents to explain the transition of health insurance to Indonesia after the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to highlight the changes that have occurred in national health insurance, especially BPJS, due to the Covid-19 pandemic. This may add new knowledge that the history of health insurance development in Indonesia was caused by the pandemic disaster and after pandemic.

Differences In D-Dimer Levels Of Moderate And Severe Covid-19 Patients Treated At Hajj Adam Malik Hospital, Medan

Denny Hadi, Jelita Siregar, Noni Novisari Soeroso — Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), initially reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, emerged as a mysterious pneumonia caused by the novel β-coronavirus, 2019-nCoV. Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, elevated D-dimer levels and impaired hemostasis have been commonly observed, often associated with disease severity and mortality. This study aimed to assess differences in D-dimer levels among mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 patients in a cross-sectional design involving 36 confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. Conducted from August to October 2021 at the Departments of Clinical Pathology and Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, the study used consecutive sampling. The participants had an average age of 50.92 years, with hypertension and diabetes mellitus being the most common comorbidities. The average D-dimer level was 1324.28 ng/mL (SD = 2360.45 ng/mL), ranging from 100 ng/mL to 13,420 ng/mL. A significant difference in D-dimer levels was observed between patients with moderate and severe COVID-19, highlighting its potential role in evaluating disease progression and severity.

The Implementation Of National Health Insurance Policy At Puri Medika Tanjung Priok Hospital, Jakarta Indonesia

Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The present study reports the comprehensive study on BPJS health recently, as a form of change from PT. Askes in Indonesia, which previously became the organizer of health insurance for all Indonesian people. The JKN program organized by BPJS health aims to improve the social welfare of the community by providing convenience in public services, especially in the health sector. This study aims to examine how the implementation of the national health insurance policy and what are the obstacles in implementing the National Health Insurance policy through the Health Social Security Administering Agency (BPJS) at Puri Medika Hospital, Tanjung Priok, Jakarta, Indonesia. The researcher used a descriptive qualitative research method. The data used in the study were primary and secondary data. Data collection used interview, documentation and observation techniques. The data were analyzed using the Milles and Huberman data analysis model and presented in the form of a TOWS analysis diagram. The implementation of National Health Insurance at Puri Medika Hospital, Tanjung Priok, Jakarta, Indonesia is in the good category. The inhibiting factors for implementation are the limited number of registration officers, lack of public knowledge, and waiting times for health services that still need to be improved.

Inequality of Thought (IOT) on HIV-Aids and LGBT Through Social Media: A Case Study Gen Z in JPC Foundation

Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study focused on the purpose of finding out the effect and covering the views and acceptance of LGBT. Jakarta Indonesia is beginning to be seen clearly, especially the large amount of LGBT content both on television stations and on social media at home and abroad. This is very worrying because shows that LGBT is a risk factor for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS. Unsafe sex, drugs, and many sexual partners, make LGBT people more susceptible to STIs. This study aims to determine the description of knowledge about STIs and attitudes towards the LGBT phenomenon in society, especially among young Gen Z people who still have the impact of inequality of thinking in social media. This study is a qualitative descriptive study conducted from October to December 2024. Data collection used a google form questionnaire. The sample consisted of 75 respondents who were members of the community fostered by the "Jakarta Plus Center (JPC)" Foundation. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The data is presented in a frequency table. The results of this study showed that most respondents had good general knowledge about STIs but lacked in more specific knowledge questions in medicine. The acceptance and views of the community in this community towards the LGBT phenomenon are quite low. People in the community consider LGBT to have a negative impact on life, although respondents agree that the human rights of LGBT people as humans must still be protected and respected, as they see on social media.

Characteristics of Chemotherapy Side Effects in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the characteristics of post-chemotherapy side effects in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital in Makassar during 2023. Utilizing secondary data, the research analyzes the prevalence of side effects based on gender and age. The findings reveal that male patients predominantly experience gastrointestinal (11.6%) and respiratory (16.8%) side effects, while female patients report higher rates of neuropathy (22.2%). In terms of age, adults exhibit the highest prevalence of gastrointestinal effects (12.1%) and combined effects (5.3%), whereas adolescents show significant rates of neuropathy (40.0%) and respiratory complications (60.0%). Elderly patients experience similar gastrointestinal and neuropathic toxicities (17.3% each), but at lower frequencies. Notably, no cases of nasopharyngeal cancer were reported in toddlers and children, indicating that this malignancy primarily affects older age groups. The study underscores the need for increased public awareness regarding nasopharyngeal cancer, particularly among vulnerable demographics, to promote early detection and prevention. Additionally, enhancing public knowledge about nasopharyngeal cancer and its risk factors is crucial for better understanding and management of the disease. Future research should focus on elaborating the specific side effects associated with each affected system to provide comprehensive insights into the impact of chemotherapy on nasopharyngeal cancer patients. Overall, this study contributes valuable information to the understanding of chemotherapy-related side effects in nasopharyngeal cancer, emphasizing the importance of tailored management strategies to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Digital Transformation in Hospital Management: Building Readiness for Society 5.

Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines digital transformation strategies in hospital management and assesses organizational readiness for Society 5.0 implementation through a systematic literature review. The research employed a comprehensive narrative review methodology, analyzing peer-reviewed publications from 2014 to 2024 across major scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Our analysis identified four critical factors for successful digital transformation in healthcare settings: (1) robust technological infrastructure integrated with competent human resources and adaptive organizational culture; (2) transformative leadership and sustained management commitment; (3) systematic monitoring and continuous evaluation frameworks; and (4) enhanced patient engagement mechanisms that leverage digital technologies to improve healthcare service quality. These findings provide practical insights for healthcare institutions navigating digital transformation while preparing for Society 5.0 challenges. The study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on healthcare digitalization by offering an integrated framework for assessing and implementing digital transformation initiatives in hospital settings.

Formulation And Physical Stability Testing Of Exfoliating Gel And Moisturizing Gel From Sugarcane Bagasse Extract

Iin Suhesti, Ester Dwi Antari, Syafa Chasna Nasrina, Marzela Pancaya Putra — Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Sugarcane bagasse extract (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) has high antioxidant activity due to its phenolic compounds, which are beneficial for moisturizing dry skin, smoothing the skin, and combating free radicals. This study aimed to evaluate the physical stability of exfoliating and moisturizing gel formulations containing sugarcane bagasse extract at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% using the cycling test method over six cycles (12 days) at temperatures of ±4°C and ±40°C. Parameters tested included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness. The results showed that the formulations without extract (control) and those with 1% extract concentration met the physical stability parameters and remained stable throughout the cycling test, with viscosity ranging from 13,665.7 to 20,180.6 cPs, pH between 4.76 and 5.43, spreadability from 3.25 to 5.64 cm, and adhesiveness from 0.42 to 1.52 seconds. In contrast, formulations with 3% and 5% extract concentrations exhibited physical instability, such as changes in pH, viscosity, and spreadability, failing to pass the stability test cycles.

Public Knowledge, Attitude, And Stigma Towards Tuberculosis In Surabaya, Indonesia: Determining Associated Factors For Poor Attitude

Ilil Maidatuz Zulfa, Fitria Dewi Yunitasari — Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of infectious disease that still remains a public health concern. Various factors affecting the TB treatment success rate including public knowledge, attitude, and stigma. Public knowledge and attitude directly associated with individual awareness that impacts TB transmission and early screenings for TB. This study aimed to assess public knowledge, attitude and stigma regarding TB in Surabaya, Indonesia and specifically analyzed the associated factors of having poor TB attitude. An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered online questionnaire. Individuals age 18 years old or above were recruited at six different pharmacies in Surabaya during their visit and those who decided to withdraw after fulfilling the questionnaire were excluded. A total of 436 participants were recruited for this study. Of them, females were predominant (71.3%) and the majority of them were in the age groups of 18 to 30 years (69.3%). They were mostly had graduated from secondary school (60.3%). Concerning income, most of participants earned less than 1 million IDR. Regarding their levels of knowledge, attitude and stigma, the majority of them had good knowledge (50.7%), moderate attitude (47.5%), and positive stigma (93.1%). The significant associated factor of having poor attitude was knowledge which participants with good knowledge were less likely to have poor attitude (b= -1.103; OR = 0.332; p-value 0.000). Therefore, increasing level of public knowledge related to TB will significantly increase their attitude towards TB.

Stage-Specific Pathological Features Of Chronic Kidney Disease: An Article Review

Intan Indriani, Wely Dwi Nopriansyah, Januar Ishak Hutasoit — Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major global health challenge, with increasing prevalence, particularly in developing countries. CKD is characterized by a gradual and irreversible decline in kidney function, often progressing to End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The pathophysiology of CKD involves structural and functional deterioration in various renal compartments, including the glomerulus, tubules, interstitial tissue, and blood vessels. Histopathological changes play a critical role in disease progression, with interstitial fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, and tubular atrophy being the hallmark lesions observed across different CKD stages. This review highlights the anatomical pathology of CKD at various stages, focusing on histopathological changes, diagnostic techniques, and factors influencing disease progression. Renal biopsy remains the gold standard for assessing kidney damage, utilizing special stains such as Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) to identify fibrosis and sclerosis. However, noninvasive biomarkers like Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) have emerged as promising tools for early detection. Studies indicate that histopathologic findings, including interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, often correlate with CKD progression more accurately than estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) alone. This review underscores the need for integrating histopathological, clinical, and molecular biomarkers to improve CKD diagnosis and management. A better understanding of kidney pathology can facilitate early detection, refine prognostic assessments, and enhance treatment strategies. Future research should focus on noninvasive diagnostic alternatives and novel therapeutic targets to slow CKD progression and mitigate its global health burden.

Comparison Of Laboratory Examination Results And Clinical Manifestations In Post Chemotherapy Folfox Regimens And Capeox Regimens In Colorectal Cancer Patients At Ibnu Sina Educational Hospital Umi Wakaf Foundation Macassar

Miftahul Jannah, Syamsu Rijal, Nur Aulia, Sri Julyani, Berry Erida Hasbi — Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of death in the world, often associated with an unhealthy diet, including low consumption of fruits, vegetables, and fiber, and high intake of red meat. This study aims to compare the results of laboratory examinations and clinical manifestations in patients undergoing chemotherapy using Folfox and CapeOX regimens at Ibnu Sina Teaching Hospital, UMI Waqf Foundation, Makassar. The method used was descriptive design with cross-sectional approach and purposive sampling technique. The results showed that in Folfox regimen chemotherapy patients, there were 90.9% with low erythrocytes and 95.5% with low hemoglobin, while in CapeOX regimen, 59.1% of patients had low erythrocytes. Of the 22 patients in each regimen, 14 patients (Folfox) and 9 patients (CapeOX) reported complaints. Comparison of leukocyte examination between the two regimens showed a significant association with a p-value of 0.044 (p<0.05), while examination of erythrocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, blood sugar, and clinical manifestations did not show a significant association (p>0.05). This study provides insight into the impact of each chemotherapy regimen on the patient's condition.

The Association Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Gerd) And Sleep Quality Among Medical Students Of The Indonesian Muslim University Class Of 2021

Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Association Between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Gerd) and Sleep Quality in Medical Faculty Students of Indonesian Muslim University Class of 2021. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by the regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, sore throat, and cough. GERD can worsen sleep quality, contributing to sleep disorders. This study aims to examine the association between GERD and sleep quality among medical students at Indonesian Muslim University Class of 2021. This study emploved a descriptive analytics desing with a cross-sectional approach, and the sample was selected through total sampling. The chi-square test was applied to analyze the association between GERD and sleep quality with a significance level of p < 0.05. Among 274 respondents, 45 (16.4%) had GERD, while 229 (83.6%) did not. Additionally, 42 (15.3%) had good sleep quality, whereas 232 (84.7%) had poor sleep quality. Statistical analysis showed a p-value = 0.027, indicating a significant association between GERD and sleep quality (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that students with GERD are at a higher risk of experiencing poor sleep quality. These results highlight the need for preventive measures and interventions to improve sleep quality in students suffering from GERD.

Mapping the Future: A Content Analysis of the Evolution of Gene Therapy in Urological Cancer

Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Gene Therapy Has Emerged As A Promising Approach In The Treatment Of Urological Cancers, Including Prostate, Kidney, And Bladder Cancers. Over The Past Decade, Significant Advancements Have Been Made In Gene Editing Technologies Such As Crispr-Cas9, Rna-Based Therapies, And Viral Vector Systems. These Innovations Offer Precise Targeting Of Oncogenes And Tumor Suppressor Genes, Potentially Improving Treatment Efficacy And Reducing Adverse Effects Compared To Conventional Therapies. Methods: A Systematic Content Analysis Was Conducted On Peer-Reviewed Literature And Clinical Trial Reports From 2015 To 2025. Databases Such As Pubmed, Sciencedirect, And Scopus Were Used To Extract Relevant Studies. Inclusion Criteria Encompassed Original Research Articles, Systematic Reviews, And Clinical Trials Focused On Gene Therapy Applications In Prostate, Kidney, And Bladder Cancer. Studies Exclusively Conducted On In Vitro Or Animal Models Without Clinical Relevance Were Excluded. Results: Crispr-Cas9 Has Demonstrated High Precision In Gene Editing, Particularly In Prostate Cancer, Where Targeting Androgen Receptor-Related Genes Has Enhanced Hormone Therapy Sensitivity. Rna Therapy, Especially Using Sirna Targeting Vegf And Hif-1α, Has Shown Promise In Kidney Cancer Treatment By Inhibiting Angiogenesis. Viral Vectors Remain A Primary Method For Gene Delivery In Bladder Cancer, Although Immune Responses Pose A Significant Challenge. Clinical Trials Indicate That Gene Therapy Combined With Immunotherapy, Particularly Checkpoint Inhibitors Like Pembrolizumab, Enhances Treatment Efficacy. However, Regulatory Barriers, High Costs (Estimated At Over $500,000 Per Patient), And Safety Concerns Regarding Off-Target Effects Remain Major Obstacles To Widespread Clinical Implementation. Conclusion: Despite These Challenges, Gene Therapy Holds Great Potential For Revolutionizing Urological Cancer Treatment. Future Research Should Focus On Optimizing Gene Delivery Systems, Reducing Off-Target Risks, And Developing Cost-Effective Production Methods. Personalized Gene Therapy Approaches, Leveraging Advancements In Genomic Sequencing, Are Expected To Further Enhance Treatment Precision. With Continued Innovation And Regulatory Advancements, Gene Therapy Is Anticipated To Become An Integral Part Of Standard Urological Cancer Care In The Coming Decade.

Trends in Artificial Intelligence Research in Urology, Anesthesiology, Cardiology, and Otolaryngology: A Bibliometric Analysis (2019-2024)

Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine is rapidly evolving, particularly in urology, anesthesiology, cardiology, and otolaryngology (ENT). AI is utilized in image-based diagnosis, patient monitoring, as well as the optimization of therapy and robotic surgery. However, research trends in AI within these fields have not yet been comprehensively mapped. Methods: This study employs bibliometric analysis to evaluate publication trends in AI across these four medical fields from 2019 to 2024. Data were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, then analyzed using VOSviewer and R-Bibliometrix to identify the number of publications, keyword trends, institutional collaboration networks, and the most highly cited articles. Results: The number of AI-related publications in medicine has increased from 50 articles in 2019 to 130 articles in 2024. The United States, China, and the United Kingdom have the highest number of publications. Research trends indicate that deep learning and machine learning dominate, with broad applications in disease diagnostics and medical imaging. Cluster analysis reveals four main domains: anesthesiology (120 publications), cardiology (105 publications), urology (98 publications), and ENT (80 publications). Conclusion: AI has become an essential component in the advancement of modern medicine. With the increasing number of studies and multidisciplinary collaborations, AI is projected to continue expanding in data-driven diagnosis and therapy. However, challenges in clinical validation, regulation, and AI ethics must be addressed to ensure its safe and effective use.

Analysis of the Possibility of Fraud in the National Health Insurance Program in Indonesia

Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study focused on the purpose of finding out the effect and covering fraud in the National Health Insurance. Fraud is an act carried out intentionally to gain financial gain from the JKN program in the National Social Security System, through fraudulent acts that are not in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations. Health fraud is a serious threat to the world, causing financial misuse of scarce resources and negative impacts on access to health, infrastructure, and social determinants of health. In Indonesia, cases of fraud continue to increase from year to year. The purpose of this study is to find out the latest studies related to the analysis of the opportunities for fraud in health insurance, and how the mechanism for effective prevention and mitigation efforts can be implemented in the implementation of the Health Insurance program in Indonesia. The method used in this journal uses qualitative descriptive through a literature study approach. Opportunities for fraud practices in JKN can be identity falsification, collusion to make false claims, unnecessary health care, excessive invoices, deviations or upcoding of diagnosis codes, document discrepancies, and duplicate claims. The reasons for fraud that usually occur are known as the fraud triangle, namely motivation, opportunity, and rationalization. Result of this study suggested systematic prevention efforts are needed together by health service providers, BPJS, and the Government by implementing the principles of a fraud prevention system, and the formation of a fraud prevention team that is adjusted to the needs for scale of the organization and national, in the future to reduce the negative impacts that occur.

The Impact Of Economic And Social Factors On Demand For Health Insurance: Case Study Of Metropolitan Cities

Rani Handayani, Nurmiati Nurmiati, Susanti Susanti, Erlina Puspitaloka Mahadewi — Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The present study reports the comprehensive study on socioeconomic aspects of health refer to social and economic factors that influence the living conditions of a person, family, or society. Health insurance is a health financing guarantee that needs to be chosen to face health risks and increasingly expensive medical costs. Socioeconomic status is related to the level of ability a person has in purchasing health services. This research aims to determine the influence of socio-economic factors on the demand for health insurance in metropolitan cities. This research uses a literature review research method which is part of qualitative research, which is related to the research subject. The results of this study show that the impact of economic and social factors or socio-economic factors can influence the demand for health insurance in metropolitan cities. The health insurance has a positive impact, there are still challenges related to the low penetration of health insurance among Indonesian people, especially in remote and rural areas. Apart from that, inadequate health insurance protection and a lack of understanding of the benefits of health insurance itself are also things that need attention. The role of the government, financial institutions and the insurance industry in increasing awareness, accessibility and reliability of health insurance products in the future will be key in strengthening the positive social and economic impact of health insurance in Indonesia.

Health Insurance Demand Dynamics: Factors Influencing Individual And Family Decisions In Purchasing Insurance

Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study focused on the purpose of this writing is to find out the importance of study examines the dynamics of health insurance demand in Indonesia now, with more focusing on the factors that influence individual and family decisions to purchase insurance policies after the pandemic. Through an in-depth literature analysis, this study explores various economic, social, and policy aspects that contribute to the level of health insurance penetration in a developing country like Indonesia today. Based on a qualitative approach, this study examines how income, education level, and awareness of health risks interact to shape consumer behavior. In addition, this study also considers the impact of government programs and private initiatives in increasing ease of access to health insurance. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the level of financial and health literacy, with the tendency to take and or purchase health insurance. In addition, perceptions of service quality, and trust in insurance service providers are also proven to play an important role in the future. This study provides recommendations for policy makers and industry practitioners to design more effective strategies, in increasing health insurance coverage. This study is expected to contribute to collective efforts to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Indonesia soon in the best possible way.

Analysis Of BPJS Based National Health Insurance Program Financing For Sectio Caesarea Birth In Indonesia

Yulidar Ewi, Siska Hermawati, Erlina Puspitaloka Mahadewi — Fri, 14 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study focused on the purpose of finding out about caesarean section delivery is the last alternative to save the mother and fetus when normal delivery is not possible. The increase in caesarean sections worldwide has become a major public health problem, so there needs to be supervision to reduce the number of caesarean sections that are considered unnecessary, one of which is through the classification. The existence of health insurance for the Indonesian people, including BPJS which covers the cost of caesarean operations, allows for an increase in the incidence of caesarean sections. The purpose of the study was to analyze the financing status of the BPJS based National Health Insurance (JKN) program for caesarean section deliveries. This study used quantitative research with a cross sectional, the research sample was mothers who gave birth by caesarean section who used the BPJS National Health Insurance (JKN). This study discusses reporting for one year in 2023, participants who used BPJS national health insurance for caesarean section deliveries were 1117 participants. With the income of BPJS caesarean section services with hospital rates in UHC (Universal Health Care) 2019, will be implemented, while BPJS health according to Indonesia Law number 24 of 2011 is appointed by the government as a health insurance management agency. Data results show that the incidence of caesarean section using National Health Insurance (JKN) is still very high in hospitals. The management of hospitals needs to calculate service costs using unit costs so as not to experience a deficit and anticipate future management.

Cytotoxicity Test Of Green Betel Leaf Ethanol Extract (Piper Betle L.) Using Shrimp Larvae (Artemia Salina L.) Using The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Method

Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method is a preliminary method for screening anticancer compounds by looking at the cytotoxic effect of a sample that will be tested on Artemia salina shrimp larvae. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract of green betel leaves (Piper betle L.) on Artemia salina Leach larvae using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol, and phytochemical screening to show the presence of secondary metabolite on green betel leef. Cytotoxicity tests were carried out at five extract concentrations (concentrations of 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, and 750 ppm). Based on the results of the research carried out, it can be concluded that the results show that the percentage of larvae deaths ranges from 30-80% and the highest mortality was obtained at a concentration of 750 ppm with a total of 26 larval deaths, this death was in line with the increase in concentration. The Lethal Concentration (LC50) value obtained was 121.3317 ppm. In conclusion, green betel leaf extract contains secondary metabolite compounds which cause cytotoxic effects on Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae with a mortality percentage of 30-80% and the LC50 value is 121.3317 ppm.

Comparison Of Antibacterial Effectiveness Tests Between Aloe Vera Gel (Aloe Vera L.) And Pure Kaliandra Honey (Calliandra Calothyrsus) On The Growth Of Staphylococcus Aureus

Dzil Fikri, Atika N. Febrianti, Muhammad Fadhil — Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Aloe vera (Aloe vera L) and honey (Calliandra calothyrsus) have many benefits, especially in Indonesia, aloe vera and honey are also often used as drugs for various diseases because of their content which has many health benefits. Objective: This study aims to determine the comparison between aloe vera (Aloe vera L) and honey (Calliandra calothyrsus) as an inhibitor of the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.Method: This study uses true experimental design in microbiological test with post test only control group design. With the treatment of aloe vera gel (Aloe vera L) and kaliandra honey (Calliandra calothyrsus) and ciprofloxacin antibiotics as a positive control and aquades as a negative control against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria to see antibacterial effectiveness using diffusion methods in thelaboratory.Results: The most effective variable was kaliandra honey (Calliandra calothyrsus) with concentrations of 50%, 75% and 100% with p values of 0.03, 0.01, and 0.03 respectively when compared to using aloe vera gel (Aloe vera L) with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% which obtained the results could not at all inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Conclusions and Suggestions: This research can be used as a theoretical basis, so that people can choose a more appropriate ingredient, namely kaliandra honey (Calliandra calothyrsus) rather than using aloe vera gel (Aloe vera L) to be used as herbal medicine by people who experience Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infections. Other researchers are also advised to be able to use other variables or other types of aloe vera (Aloe vera L) and honey from the nectar of other flowers to conduct similar studies.

The Anti-Aging Properties Of Panax Ginseng: A Narrative Review Of Mechanisms And Clinical Evidence

Komang Ayu Silfia Budiasih, I Gede Eka Handrean — Sat, 22 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Aging is a complex physiological process influenced by various factors including oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage. Natural compounds, particularly Panax ginseng, have garnered significant interest in traditional medicine for their anti-aging potential. This study aims to comprehensively review the anti-aging properties of P. ginseng, examining its traditional applications, molecular mechanisms, and clinical evidence. A narrative review methodology was employed, analyzing data from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, incorporating both traditional knowledge and contemporary scientific research. Results demonstrate that P. ginseng exhibits significant anti-aging effects through multiple pathways: antioxidant activity, cellular regeneration enhancement, and collagen synthesis stimulation. Ginsenosides, the primary bioactive compounds, show particular efficacy in reducing oxidative stress and supporting cognitive function. However, challenges persist in standardizing clinical applications due to variations in ginsenoside content and study methodologies. While current evidence supports P. ginseng's therapeutic potential, standardized clinical trials are essential to establish optimal dosing protocols and evaluate long-term safety. Future research should address drug interactions and efficacy across diverse populations.

Tuberculosis Infection In Women

Izhar Fitrah Ahmad, Edward Pandu Wiriansya, Andi Puspa Ratu — Mon, 24 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The increasing number of deaths due to tuberculosis has triggered the national tuberculosis control program to continue to intensify, accelerate, extend and innovate the program.7A holistic approach must be taken in order to improve tuberculosis control and identify various risk factors associated with tuberculosis infection. The Global Tuberculosis Report 2018 reported that 90% of tuberculosis sufferers are adults and 10% are children (<15 years). Figure 1 shows tuberculosis sufferers worldwide, 64% are men and 36% are women with a ratio of 2:1. In Indonesia, data also shows that tuberculosis is more common in men than women. The high prevalence in men shows that the level of men accessing tuberculosis services is higher than women. Differences in social roles between men and women can also affect risk factors for access to health services. In women, access to tuberculosis treatment and prevention services is more difficult than in men. This is because family members do not want to pay for women's health services. Women's health in the family is considered less important than male family members. Tuberculosis problems also occur in vulnerable populations, namely pregnant women and women with tuberculosis-HIV. A fairly high mortality rate occurs in women with tuberculosis-HIV. In pregnant women, transmission of tuberculosis germs to the fetus occurs, so that the fetus can have latent tuberculosis. Understanding tuberculosis disease in women can help the target of eliminating tuberculosis by 2030. Gender equality and active participation of women in the planning, implementation, and health care processes can be an effective way to overcome the problems of difficulty in accessing tuberculosis services, stigma and discrimination, and various existing barriers.

The Effect of Giving Coffee Pulp Extract Cream on the Healing of Cut Wounds in Wistar Rats

Anggun Juita, Refi Ikhtiari, Erny Tandanu, Reghita Claudia Malau — Fri, 28 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Humans need skin to protect their internal organs, such as muscles, nerves, and bones, from disease. This study examines the effect of coffee grounds extract cream on wound healing in Wistar rats. This study is an experimental laboratory study. The research design used a post-test with a control group design or control on samples based on treatment groups to analyze the effect of coffee grounds extract on wound healing and skin histopathology in male Wistar white rats. According to the results of the study, coffee grounds extract accelerated wound healing in Wistar white rats, as shown by the average differences of 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. This study shows that coffee grounds extract contains saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. Research on skin histopathology on the best fibroblast tissue found that 10% coffee grounds extract cream was the most helpful in developing connective tissue in injured skin. The findings of this study are expected to help other researchers explore the effects of coffee grounds extract on skin collagen formation.

The Relationship Between Anxiety Levels And Family Support And UKMPPD Results At The Faculty Of Medicine, University Of Muhammadiyah Semarang

Kamila Kamila, Mega Pandu Arfiyanti, Andra Novitasari, Muslimah Muslimah — Fri, 28 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Medical Profession Program Student Competency Test (UKMPPD) is a test and assessment on a national scale for students of the medical profession program, which emphasizes attitudes, knowledge, and skills as a basis for practicing medicine. Based on data from the UKMPPD National Committee and Institutional Feedback, the UKMPPD results at Muhammadiyah University Semarang, the percentage of UKMPPD pass in February 2021 and November 2021 were 75% and 81.25%, respectively. In general, the level of anxiety experienced while undergoing medical education has a negative impact, namely students having difficulty undergoing competency assessment and can reduce their level of confidence when they are about to face exams. In addition to anxiety, it was also identified that influenced the UKMPPD results, including family support. This study aims to analyze the relationship between anxiety levels and family support with UKMPPD outcomes. This study used a quantitative method in the form of analytic observational with a cross sectional approach. This study used the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety questionnaire and the family support questionnaire. The sample in this study were medical professional education students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Semarang who took part in UKMPPD for the November 2022 period. Sampling used a total sampling technique. The results of the univariate analysis with a total of 32 respondents, namely the majority had high family support (71.9%), a mild level of anxiety (50.0%), the majority were female (86.8%), and the majority of respondents graduated UKMPPD (87.5%). The results of the chi square analysis of the anxiety level variable had a value of p = 0.008 (p < 0.05), and the family support variable was p = 0.557 (p > 0.05). There is a significant relationship between the level of anxiety with UKMPPD results. Family support has no significant relationship with UKMPPD results.

The Relationship Between Diet And Physical Activity With Quality Of Life In The Elderly In Glintang Village, Sambi Boyolali District

Fri, 28 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Elderly are those who have reached the age of 60 and over. Central Java is one of eight provinces in Indonesia that has entered the old population structure, with the percentage of the elderly population reaching 14.17%, and will continue to increase every year. An increase in the quantity of the elderly must be balanced with an increase in the quality of life of the elderly. There are several factors that may affect a person's quality of life, such as eating patterns and physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between eating patterns and physical activity with quality of life in the elderly in Glintang Village, Sambi Boyolali District. This study used cross-sectional analytic observation, with 46 elderly respondents. The data was processed using rank-spearman test. The questionnaires in this study used the Food Frequency Questionnare (FFQ), the Global Physical Activity Questionnare (GPAQ), and the WHOQOL-BREF Questionnare. The results of the analysis using the rank-spearman test showed that there was no relationship between eating patterns and the quality of life of the elderly with a p=0.359 (p>0.05) and there was a relationship between physical activity and the quality of life of the elderly with a value of p=0.001 (p <0.05). The majority of the elderly in Glintang Village, Sambi Boyolali District have good BMI, eating patterns, physical activity, and quality of life. There is no relationship between eating patterns and quality of life in the elderly and there is a relationship between physical activity and quality of life in the elderly in Glintang Village, Sambi Boyolali District.