Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Policy: A Case Study of the Disparity Between PPE Regulations and Field Practices Among Live-Line Maintenance Workers (PDKB) at PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Sukoharjo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51601/ijhp.v6i1.588Abstract
Introduction: This study analyzes the disparity between Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) regulations and field practices among Live-Line Maintenance workers (PDKB) at PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Sukoharjo. The research was motivated by a fatal incident in Lubuk Pakam in 2023 and three near-miss incidents at the research location caused by negligence in the use and supervision of PPE. Research Method: This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with five informants selected purposively (technicians, preparators, team leaders, and OHS officers), field observations, and documentation review. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. Data validity was ensured through source and method triangulation. Research Results: The findings indicate a strong organizational commitment through the provision of internationally standardized PPE, certified training, periodic testing every six months, and multi-layered supervision in accordance with Law No. 1/1970, Government Regulation No. 50/2012, and Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 8/2010. The level of worker compliance is relatively high due to awareness of the risks associated with 20 kV electrical voltage and the safety culture of “one opens, three remind,” with PPE internalized as a “second life.” However, two main disparities were identified. First, PPE storage in operational vehicles and basecamps has not yet met the ideal standard of controlled storage facilities; this condition is compensated through adaptive mechanisms such as special storage boxes, air-conditioned rooms, and psychological ownership among workers. Second, regarding PPE materials, safety sleeves that should be made of insulating rubber are still made of plastic due to previous procurement. The multi-layered supervision system, supported by peer monitoring, has proven effective in detecting three near-miss incidents before they escalated into fatal events. Conclusion: This study concludes that the effectiveness of OHS implementation is not solely determined by formal compliance based on regulations (rules-based approach), but also by organizational safety culture (safety culture-based approach) and the synergy of social capital. Recommendation: The study recommends accelerating the transition to PPE that meets current standards, improving storage facilities, and strengthening the quality of double-check procedures.
Downloads
References
[1] ILO, “Safety and health at work: A vision for sustainable prevention,” Int. Labour Organ., 2021.
[2] Pemerintah Republik Indonesia., Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 1970 tentang Keselamatan Kerja. Jakarta, 1970.
[3] Kementerian Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia., Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Alat Pelindung Diri. 2010.
[4] J. Smith, L. Brown, and K. Davis, “The effectiveness of personal protective equipment in reducing occupational injuries: A meta-analysis.,” Saf. Sci., vol. 152, p. 105765, 2022.
[5] S. Nurhayati, A. Fauzi, and H. Wijaya, “Tantangan implementasi kebijakan K3 di industri listrik: Studi literatur,” J. Manaj. Keselam. Kerja, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 112–125, 2023.
[6] N. Gunningham and D. Sinclair, “Trust, compliance, and safety regulation in hazardous industries,” Regul. Gov., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 789–805, 2022.
[7] L. Fitriani and H. Hermawan, “Faktor adaptasi pekerja terhadap perubahan regulasi APD: Studi kualitatif di sektor listrik,” J. Kesehat. Lingkung. Indones., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 77–89, 2023.
[8] B. Haryadi and R. P. Sari, “Analisis faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan penggunaan APD pada pekerja konstruksi,” J. Kesehat. dan Keselam. Kerja, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 45–58, 2021.
[9] J. Reason, Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Routledge, 2016.
[10] A. Khoirunisa, S. A. Johar, and N. Ani, “Sebagai Antisipasi Kecelakaan Kerja Pada Mebel Desa Serenan Analysis of The Use of Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE ) as an Anticipatory Measure Against Work Accidents Among Production Department Employees at The Furniture Industry Center of Serenan Village,” vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 47–52, 2025.
[11] Y. Zhang, Q. Li, and J. Wang, “Barriers to implementation of safety regulations in high-risk industries: A case study of the energy sector,” Saf. Sci., vol. 158, p. 105987, 2023.
[12] M. Anwar and R. Septyan, “Pengaruh sense of ownership terhadap perawatan alat keselamatan kerja,” J. Psikol. Ind. dan Organ., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 112–124, 2022.
[13] H. L. Floyd and T. E. Neal, “Arc flash phenomena and hazards: A review of the literature,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 3321–3328, 2021, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2021.3075678.
[14] Mistar.id, “Pegawai Meninggal Kesetrum saat Kerja, GM PLN UIP Sumut Didesak Dicopot,” Lubuk Pakam, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://mistar.id/news/medan/pegawai-meninggal-kesetrum-saat-kerja-gm-pln-uip-sumut-didesak-dicopot
[15] and J. S. M. B. Miles, A. M. Huberman, Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook, 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks. USA: SAGE Publications, 2014.
[16] Republik Indonesia., Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 50 Tahun 2012 tentang Penerapan Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja. Jakarta, 2012.
[17] International Electrotechnical Commission., IEC 61472: Live working – Minimum approach distances for a.c. systems in the voltage range 72,5 kV to 800 kV – A method of calculation. IEC, 2018.
[18] A. Hale and D. Borys, “Working to rule or working safely? Part 2: The management of safety rules and procedures,” Saf. Sci., vol. 144, p. 105454, 2021, [Online]. Available: 10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105454
[19] N. Leveson, Engineering a safer world: Systems thinking applied to safety. MIT Press, 2020.
[20] H. Tan and C. Wu, “Study on core principles of safety culture,” ., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 112–118, 2014.
[21] J. L. Pierce, T. Kostova, and K. T. Dirks, “Psychological ownership: A meta-analytic review,” J. Organ. Behav., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 189–207, 2021, [Online]. Available: 10.1002/job.2484
[22] M. Lipsky, Street-level bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the individual in public services. New York, NY, USA: Russell Sage Foundation, 1980.
[23] R. Wulandari, M. Firdaus, and N. Sari, “Sistem pengelolaan APD dan pengaruhnya terhadap penurunan kecelakaan kerja di sektor ketenagalistrikan,” J. Teknol. dan Keselam. Ind., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 210–225, 2023.
[24] Febria, Wartini, I. Sartika, and N. Ani, “Implementasi Hot Work Permit sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Kecelakaan di Proyek Jaringan Distribusi Utama SPAM Wosusokas Segmen 3,” vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 765–780, 2025, doi: 10.54259/sehatrakyat.v4i3.5224.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Tiara Indah Banuwati, Syefira Ayudia Johar, Nur Ani, Wartini
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
