The Effect of Square Stepping Exercise On Daily Living Activity, Balance And Risk of Falls In The Elderly
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51601/ijhp.v6i3.610Abstract
Elderly people often experience decreased independence in daily activities, balance and risk of fall. Management of this problems can be done with non-pharmacological therapy. One of the non-pharmacological therapy that can be applied to the elderly was square stepping exercise. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of square stepping exercise on daily activities, balance and risk of fall in the elderly. .The design of this study used quasy experiments with pre and post control groups with a large sample of 20 respondents in each group. The sampling technique used is consecutive sampling with independent variables, namely square stepping exercise, Dependent variable in this study were daily activities, balance and risk of fall. The research instruments used are barthel index, balance test and time up and go test. The research was carried out at the Budi Sejahtera Banjarbaru Elderly Social Protection and Rehabilitation Institution (PPRSLU). The statistical test used in this study was wilcoxon signed test. The test results found that There was an effect of square stepping exercise on the daily activity of the elderly in the intervention group, but there was no effect in the control group. There was no effect of square stepping exercise on the balance of the elderly in the intervention and control groups. there was no effect in the control group. There was no effect of square stepping exercise on the risk of fall of the elderly in the intervention and control groups In elderly, nurses need to help the elderly so that the problem was resolved and able to fight disability. Square stepping exercised can be applied for the daily activity, balance and risk of fall.
Downloads
References
[1] Han, Y.-H., et al. (2020). Association between sarcopenia and activities of daily living in community-dwelling older adults: Results from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. BMC Geriatrics, 20, 228. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01631-7
[2] World Health Organization. (2021). Falls: Key Facts. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/falls
[3] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2019). Laporan Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
[4] Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. (2023). Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan 2023. Banjarmasin: Dinkes Kalsel.
[5] Dunsky, A. (2019). The effect of balance and coordination exercises on quality of life in older adults: A mini-review. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 11, 318. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00318
[6] Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., et al. (2019). Sarcopenia: Revised European Consensus on Definition and Diagnosis. Age and Ageing, 48(1), 16-31. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy169
[7] Cha, H. J., Kim, K. B., & Baek, S. Y. (2022). Square-Stepping Exercise Program Effects on Fall-Related Fitness and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7728. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137728
[8] Franco-García, J. M., et al. (2025). Effects of Twelve Weeks of Square-Stepping Exercises on Physical and Cognitive Function in Older Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(4), 2105.
[9] Fisseha, B. (2017). Effect of Square-Stepping Exercise for Older Adults to Prevent Falls: A Systematic Review. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 13(3), 267-272. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1734968.458
[10] Özel, A., et al. (2025). Comparative Effects of Square-Stepping and Strengthening Exercises on Balance and Agility in Older Adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 33(2), 145-153.
[11] Profil Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, 2018.
[12] World Health Organization (WHO). (2024). Global status report on hypertension prevention and control. WHO Press.
[13] Susilowati, D. 2016. Modul Bahan Ajar Cetak Keperawatan: Promosi Kesehatan,
[14] Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, p. 201.
[15] Cahyoko, W, D. & Sudijandoko, A. (2016). Pengaruh Latihan Peregangan Terhadap Keseimbangan Dinamis Pada Wanita Usia 60-70 Tahun Club Lansia Anggrek Karangpilang Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Kesehatan Olahraga Vol. 4. No 1. Hal 94.
[16] BKKBN (2020) Lansia Sehat Aktif dan Bermartabat. Available at: https://www.bkkbn.go.id/berita-lansia-sehat-aktif-dan-bermartabat
[17] Hilda Sari, Y. et al. (2019) ‘Faktor-Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Lansia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Maiwa Kab. Enrekang’, Jurnal Ilmiah Manusia Dan Kesehatan, 2(1).
[18] Bhanusali, H. et al. (2016) „Comparative Study on the Effect of Square Stepping Exercises Versus Balance Training Exercises on Fear of Fall and Balance in Elderly Population’, International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, 4(1), pp. 1352–1359. doi: 10.16965/ijpr.2015.206.
[19] Pramita, I. and Susanto, A. D. (2018) ‘Pengaruh Pemberian Square Stepping Exercise untuk Meningkatkan Keseimbangan Dinamis pada Lansia’, Sport and Fitness Journal, 6(3), pp. 1–7. doi: 10.24843/spj.2018.v06.i03.p01.
[20] Sebastião, E. et al. (2018) ‘Home-based, square-stepping exercise program among older adults with multiple sclerosis: results of a feasibility randomized controlled study’, Contemporary Clinical Trials, 73, pp. 136–144. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.09.008.
[21] Pramita, I., & Susanto, T. (2018). Pengaruh Square Stepping Exercise terhadap Keseimbangan Dinamis pada Lanjut Usia. Publikasi Ilmiah. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Vol 6(3) Hal.1-7. DOI: 10.24843/spj.2018.v06.i03.p01
[22] Segita, R., et al. (2024). Pengaruh Pemberian Square Stepping Exercise terhadap Keseimbangan Dinamis pada Lansia di Komunitas. UK Institute: Journal of Health and Medical Sciences. Vol 5(4) Hal 1601-1608. DOI: 10.47679/ib.2024.987
[23] Hidayah, N. (2022). Pengaruh Pemberian Square Stepping Exercise terhadap Fungsi Kognitif dan Activities of Daily Living (ADL) pada Lansia. Skripsi. Program Studi Fisioterapi, Universitas Hasanuddin.
[24] Krismantara, A. Y., et al. (2026). Pengaruh Pemberian Square Stepping Exercise terhadap Perubahan Kekuatan Otot Ekstremitas Bawah dan Risiko Jatuh pada Lansia. Medicare Journal, 7(2).
[25] Widianti, A. T., & Proverawati, A. (2010). Senam Kesehatan: Teori dan Aplikasi Latihan Fisik. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika.
[26] Putra, M. M. (2017). Pengaruh Latihan Fisik Terhadap Keseimbangan Dinamis Lansia: Studi Meta-Analisis. Jurnal Ilmiah Fisioterapi. (Menjelaskan pentingnya durasi intervensi jangka panjang). Vol 17(1) Hal. 42-48. DOI: 10.47007/fisio.v17i1.1147
[27] Miller, M. E., et al. (2019). Multi-component Exercise and Fall Prevention in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy. (Menjelaskan mengapa latihan tunggal seringkali tidak cukup menurunkan risiko jatuh). Vol. 42(1) Hal. 1-19. DOI: 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000213
[28] Setyo, B., & Rahayu, S. (2020). Analisis Durasi Latihan Terhadap Respon Neuromuskular pada Lansia. Jurnal Kesehatan Olahraga. (Menyoroti pentingnya periode retensi dalam latihan motorik). Vol 8(2) Hal 51-58.
[29] Nugroho, W. (2017). Keperawatan Gerontik dan Geriatrik. Jakarta: EGC.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Diana Pefbrianti, M. Noor Ifansyah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
