Factors Influencing Healthcare Worker Performance: A Systematic Literature Review Using Thematic Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51601/ijhp.v6i2.654Abstract
Background: Healthcare worker performance is a critical determinant of healthcare quality, patient safety, organizational effectiveness, and health system sustainability. Despite extensive research on individual determinants of performance, evidence regarding fragmented analyses remains insufficient and inconclusive. Objective: This systematic literature review aimed to identify factors influencing healthcare worker performance and evaluate their interactions within organizational and professional contexts.Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed across multiple international databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald, and Garuda. Eligible studies published between 2020 and 2025 were analyzed using thematic synthesis. Fourteen studies meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed.Results: Findings indicate that healthcare worker performance is shaped by a combination of psychological, organizational, leadership, and technological factors. Emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence demonstrated significant positive associations with performance, whereas organizational commitment and job satisfaction frequently acted as mediating variables. Leadership style particularly transformational, digital, and spiritual leadership was associated with improved motivation, adaptability, and organizational effectiveness. Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), effective communication, and digital competence further enhanced healthcare worker performance. Conversely, excessive workload and workplace violence adversely affected employee well-being and productivity. Emerging evidence also highlights the influence of digital transformation and artificial intelligence readiness in modern healthcare settings.Conclusion: Healthcare worker performance is multidimensional and results from interactions among psychological, organizational, and leadership-related factors. Strengthening adaptive leadership, supportive organizational culture, digital readiness, and employee well-being may substantially improve workforce performance and healthcare quality. Further interdisciplinary research is recommended to support evidence-based workforce development in healthcare institutions.
Downloads
References
[1]. Albannai, N. A. A., Raziq, M. M., Bani-Melhem, S., & Moazzam, M. (2025). Digital leadership in the age of generative AI: A systematic literature review using thematic analysis. https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-05-2025-0328
[2]. Almazrouei, M., & Alnahhal, M. (2025). Transformational leadership and employee
[3]. performance in UAE public sector: The role of digital transformation and agility.
[4]. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPL-06-2025-0094
[5]. Boateng, E. A., Yeboah, M. A., Ansong, A., & Kwao, I. T. (2025). Spiritual leadership and adaptive performance among health workers: The roles of optimism and trust.
[6]. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-07-2025-0090
[7]. Desy, R., & Hartono, B. (2024). Pengaruh kepemimpinan dan komunikasi terhadap tenaga kesehatan UPTD Puskesmas Sipayung (literature review).
[8]. Endarwati, W. K., Susanty, S., & Kusnan, A. (2024). Hubungan konflik peran ganda,
[9]. kecerdasan emosional, dan beban kerja terhadap kinerja perawat pasien lansia.
[10]. Gayatri, I. G. A. S., & Tabita, I. D. A. T. P. (2024). Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional dan
[11]. kecerdasan spiritual melalui komitmen organisasi terhadap kinerja pegawai RSU Negara Kabupaten Jembrana.
[12]. Gkatsikos, A., Georgaki, A., & Liargovas, P. (2025). Leading for performance: Emotional
[13]. intelligence, leadership style and organizational outcomes in Greek local governments.
[14]. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPL-06-2025-0090
[15]. Gultom, E. (2020). Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional, kecerdasan spiritual dan kecerdasan intelektual terhadap kinerja perawat pada masa pandemi COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Surya Insani Pasir Pangaraian Rokan Hulu.
[16]. Haymore, J., Sun, J., & Barber, D. (2025). Prepare for the worst, hope for the best: A qualitative study on workplace violence in healthcare. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHCQA-05-2025-0062
[17]. Ismuhadi, & Puteh, M. A. (2021). Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional dan spiritual terhadap kinerja perawat dengan komitmen organisasi sebagai variabel intervening.
[18]. Kharismasyah, A. Y., Nami Tata, E. E. T., & Aldiansyah, T. (2021). Pengaruh kecerdasan emosional, organizational citizenship behavior, keterlibatan kerja terhadap kinerja perawat RSUD Majenang.
[19]. Li, Y., Khan, A. N., Zhang, Y., & Khan, N. A. (2025). From leadership to digital maturity in public healthcare: Evidence from Pakistan’s digital transformation journey. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-08-2024-0338
[20]. Luo, G., & Tworek, K. (2022). E-leadership as a booster of employees’ dynamic capabilities influence on job performance.
[21]. Ulum, B., & Wulansari, P. (2025). The influence of digital leadership and digital competence on employee performance mediated by job satisfaction in health services in Tarakan City.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Tontowi Ashari, Arya Brahmanta, Pipit Festi Wiliyanarti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
